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🇵🇰 I.Com (Intermediate in Commerce) · flashcards
I.Com (Intermediate in Commerce) Statistics Flashcards
50 question-and-answer cards covering Statistics as it is examined in I.Com (Intermediate in Commerce). 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Statistics deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
State two main objectives of tabulation.
To present data in a compact, simplified form and to facilitate comparison, analysis and reference.
What is a frequency distribution?
A frequency distribution is a table showing how data values are distributed among different classes along with the frequency (number of items) in each class.
List the main steps in constructing a frequency distribution.
Find the range, decide the number of classes, determine the class interval, form the classes, and tally the observations to get frequencies.
How is the Range of data calculated?
Range = Largest value (maximum) − Smallest value (minimum).
How is the class interval (size of class) estimated?
Class interval (h) = Range ÷ Number of classes desired.
Define class frequency.
Class frequency is the number of observations or items that fall within a particular class.
What are class limits?
Class limits are the smallest (lower limit) and largest (upper limit) values that a class can contain, as written in the frequency table.
What are class boundaries (true limits)?
Class boundaries are the actual/true limits of a class with no gaps, found by adjusting the class limits to make classes continuous.
How are class boundaries obtained from class limits?
Subtract half the gap (d/2) from each lower limit and add half the gap to each upper limit, where d is the gap between the upper limit of one class and the lower limit of the next.
For classes 10–19 and 20–29, what are the boundaries of 10–19?
The gap is 1, so half-gap is 0.5; the boundaries are 9.5 to 19.5.
What is the class mark (mid-point) and how is it found?
The class mark is the central value of a class, found as (Lower class limit + Upper class limit) ÷ 2.
What is the difference between class limits and class boundaries?
Class limits are the stated values in the table (may have gaps); class boundaries are continuous true limits with no gaps, used for graphing and calculation.
Define cumulative frequency.
Cumulative frequency is the running total of frequencies obtained by successively adding the frequency of each class to the sum of frequencies of preceding classes.
What is a 'less than' cumulative frequency?
It is the total number of observations falling below the upper boundary of each class, accumulated from the lowest class upward.
What is a 'more than' cumulative frequency?
It is the total number of observations falling above the lower boundary of each class, accumulated from the highest class downward.
What is a bar chart (bar diagram)?
A bar chart represents data using rectangular bars of equal width whose lengths/heights are proportional to the values they represent.
What is the difference between a simple bar chart and a multiple bar chart?
A simple bar chart shows one variable with single bars; a multiple bar chart shows two or more related variables with grouped bars for comparison.
What is a component (sub-divided) bar chart?
A bar chart in which each bar is divided into parts/segments to show the components that make up the total.
What is a pie chart?
A pie chart is a circle divided into sectors, where each sector's angle is proportional to the value of the component it represents.
How is the angle of a sector in a pie chart calculated?
Angle = (Component value ÷ Total value) × 360°.
What is a histogram?
A histogram is a graph of a frequency distribution using adjacent rectangles drawn on class boundaries, with areas proportional to the class frequencies.
How does a histogram differ from a bar chart?
In a histogram bars are adjacent (no gaps) and drawn on class boundaries for continuous data; in a bar chart bars have gaps and represent discrete/categorical data.
What is a frequency polygon and how is it drawn?
A frequency polygon is a line graph of a frequency distribution made by plotting frequencies against class marks (mid-points) and joining the points with straight lines.
What is an Ogive (cumulative frequency curve)?
An Ogive is a graph obtained by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper (or lower) class boundaries and joining the points with a smooth curve; it is used to read the median and quartiles.
What this deck covers
The Statistics deck follows the I.Com (Intermediate in Commerce) Statistics syllabus — 8 chapters and 26 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 6.3 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 127 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Statistics flashcards FAQ
How many Statistics flashcards are in this I.Com (Intermediate in Commerce) deck?
50 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these I.Com (Intermediate in Commerce) flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 50-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Statistics cards cover?
They follow the I.Com (Intermediate in Commerce) Statistics syllabus — 8 chapters and 26 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.