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CLAT PG International Law Flashcards
51 question-and-answer cards covering International Law as it is examined in CLAT PG. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the International Law deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What is the distinction between de jure and de facto recognition?
De jure recognition is full, formal, and permanent acceptance of a government/state as legitimate; de facto recognition is provisional, tentative, and based on actual control, and can be withdrawn.
What is the principle of state sovereignty?
The supreme authority of a state within its territory and its independence and legal equality with other states in international relations, free from external interference.
What is the doctrine of 'sovereign (state) immunity'?
The principle that a state and its property are immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of another state ('par in parem non habet imperium' — an equal has no authority over an equal).
What is the difference between absolute and restrictive sovereign immunity?
Absolute immunity grants a state immunity for all acts; restrictive immunity grants immunity only for sovereign/public acts (acta jure imperii) and not for commercial/private acts (acta jure gestionis).
What is state succession?
The replacement of one state by another in responsibility for the international relations of a territory, raising questions about the transfer of treaty obligations, property, debts, and membership of organizations.
What is the 'clean slate' doctrine in state succession?
The principle (favouring newly independent/decolonized states) that a successor state starts free of the predecessor's treaty obligations and is not automatically bound by them.
What is the principle 'uti possidetis juris'?
The principle that newly independent states inherit the administrative/colonial boundaries existing at the time of independence, to preserve stability and prevent boundary disputes.
What are the essential elements of state responsibility for an internationally wrongful act?
(1) Conduct attributable to the state under international law, and (2) that conduct constitutes a breach of an international obligation of the state (ILC Articles on State Responsibility, Art. 2).
What are the recognized forms of reparation for an internationally wrongful act?
Restitution (restoring the prior situation), compensation (payment for damage), and satisfaction (acknowledgment, apology, or other appropriate measure) — singly or in combination.
What circumstances can preclude the wrongfulness of a state's act under the ILC Articles?
Consent, self-defence, countermeasures, force majeure, distress, and necessity.
How did the Chorzow Factory case (1928) define reparation?
Reparation must, as far as possible, wipe out all the consequences of the illegal act and re-establish the situation that would have existed had the act not been committed (full reparation).
What is an international organization?
An association of states (or other subjects) established by a treaty, possessing a permanent structure of organs and its own international legal personality distinct from its members, to pursue common objectives.
What is the legal basis and significance of the UN's international legal personality?
Affirmed by the ICJ in the Reparation for Injuries case (1949), which held the UN possesses objective international legal personality (implied from the Charter) and can bring international claims for injuries to its agents.
What is the doctrine of 'implied powers' of international organizations?
An organization possesses not only the powers expressly granted by its constituent treaty but also those necessarily implied as essential to performing its functions (Reparation for Injuries case, 1949).
Name the six principal organs of the United Nations.
The General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
What is the composition of the UN Security Council and the 'veto' power?
15 members: 5 permanent (China, France, Russia, UK, USA) with veto power over non-procedural matters, and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.
Under Article 25 and Chapter VII of the UN Charter, what is the binding nature of Security Council decisions?
Members agree to accept and carry out Security Council decisions; under Chapter VII the Council may make binding decisions including sanctions (Art. 41) and the use of force (Art. 42) to maintain or restore international peace and security.
What does Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibit?
It prohibits the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the UN.
What is the right of self-defence under Article 51 of the UN Charter?
The inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a UN member, until the Security Council takes necessary measures; the measures must be reported to the Council.
What is the composition and jurisdiction basis of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?
15 judges elected for nine-year terms; its contentious jurisdiction over states is based on consent (special agreement, compromissory clause, or the optional clause under Art. 36(2)), and it also gives advisory opinions.
How has the individual's status changed in modern international law?
Once treated only as an object, the individual is now a partial subject with rights (under human rights treaties) and duties (under international criminal law) enforceable directly at the international level.
What core crimes fall within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court under the Rome Statute?
Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
What is the significance of the Nuremberg Trials for the individual in international law?
They established that individuals can be held criminally responsible under international law for international crimes, and that official position or superior orders is no defence — 'crimes are committed by men, not abstract entities.'
What is the principle of 'individual criminal responsibility' in international law?
Individuals, including heads of state and officials, can be personally prosecuted and punished for serious international crimes (war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity), and official capacity does not grant immunity from such responsibility.
What this deck covers
The International Law deck follows the CLAT PG International Law syllabus — 2 chapters and 6 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 25.5 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 189 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
International Law flashcards FAQ
How many International Law flashcards are in this CLAT PG deck?
51 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these CLAT PG flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 51-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the International Law cards cover?
They follow the CLAT PG International Law syllabus — 2 chapters and 6 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.