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Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Network Fundamentals Flashcards
52 question-and-answer cards covering Network Fundamentals as it is examined in Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA). 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Network Fundamentals deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
How many subnets and hosts result from borrowing bits with mask /26?
/26 = 255.255.255.192, host bits = 6, so 2^6 − 2 = 62 usable hosts per subnet, with block size 64 (subnets at .0, .64, .128, .192).
For the address 192.168.1.100/26, what is the network and broadcast address?
Block size 64, so network = 192.168.1.64, broadcast = 192.168.1.127, usable range 192.168.1.65–192.168.1.126.
What is VLSM and why is it used?
Variable Length Subnet Masking allows different subnet mask lengths within the same network, sizing each subnet to its host requirement (e.g., /30 for point-to-point links) to conserve address space.
What mask is used for point-to-point links to conserve addresses, and how many hosts does it give?
/30 (255.255.255.252) provides 2^2 − 2 = 2 usable hosts, ideal for router-to-router serial/WAN links.
What is NAT and how does it conserve IPv4 addresses?
Network Address Translation maps private internal IP addresses to public addresses, allowing many internal hosts to share fewer public IPs and conserving the global IPv4 space.
What is PAT (NAT overload)?
Port Address Translation maps multiple private IPs to a single public IP by tracking unique source port numbers, allowing many internal hosts to share one public address simultaneously.
Which command verifies basic IPv4 connectivity and what does it use?
'ping' tests reachability using ICMP echo request/reply messages between hosts.
What does 'traceroute' (tracert) reveal and how?
It displays the Layer 3 hop-by-hop path to a destination by sending packets with incrementing TTL values, eliciting ICMP Time Exceeded replies from each router along the path.
Which Cisco command shows a quick summary of all interfaces with their IP and status?
'show ip interface brief' — lists each interface, IP address, status, and protocol (line and protocol up/down).
What is the length of an IPv6 address and how is it written?
128 bits, written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001).
State the two rules for compressing an IPv6 address.
1) Omit leading zeros in each hextet; 2) Replace one contiguous string of all-zero hextets with a double colon (::), which may be used only once per address.
Compress 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329.
2001:db8::ff00:42:8329.
What is the IPv6 global unicast address range and its typical structure?
Global unicast addresses begin with 2000::/3 (2 or 3 as first digit). Structure: 48-bit global routing prefix + 16-bit subnet ID + 64-bit interface ID.
What is an IPv6 link-local address and its prefix?
A link-local address (FE80::/10) is automatically configured on every IPv6 interface, used only on the local link for neighbor discovery and next-hop, and is never routed.
What is the IPv6 unique local address (ULA) range?
FC00::/7 (commonly FD00::/8 in practice) — private addresses analogous to RFC 1918, not routable on the global internet.
What IPv6 address types replace IPv4 broadcast, and what are the key multicast addresses?
IPv6 has no broadcast; it uses multicast (FF00::/8). FF02::1 = all-nodes, FF02::2 = all-routers on the link.
What are the three methods of IPv6 address assignment?
SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration using RA + prefix), Stateless DHCPv6 (SLAAC for address + DHCP for other info), and Stateful DHCPv6 (DHCP assigns address and config).
What is EUI-64 and how is the interface ID formed?
EUI-64 builds a 64-bit interface ID from a 48-bit MAC by splitting it, inserting FFFE in the middle, and flipping the 7th bit (U/L bit) of the first byte.
Which protocol replaces ARP in IPv6 and what messages does it use?
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), using ICMPv6 Neighbor Solicitation (NS) and Neighbor Advertisement (NA) messages to resolve link-layer addresses, plus Router Solicitation/Advertisement (RS/RA).
Which command displays the IPv6 neighbor table (IPv6 equivalent of the ARP table)?
'show ipv6 neighbors' — lists discovered IPv6 neighbors, their MAC addresses, and state.
Compare the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless bands.
2.4 GHz offers longer range and better wall penetration but fewer non-overlapping channels (1, 6, 11) and more interference; 5 GHz offers more channels and higher throughput but shorter range.
What is an SSID and what is the difference between a BSS and an ESS?
SSID is the network name. A BSS (Basic Service Set) is a single AP's coverage area; an ESS (Extended Service Set) is multiple BSSs with the same SSID joined by a distribution system for roaming.
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors in virtualization?
Type 1 (bare-metal) runs directly on hardware (e.g., ESXi, Hyper-V) for better performance; Type 2 (hosted) runs on top of a host OS (e.g., VirtualBox, VMware Workstation).
What is a switch's MAC address table and how does a switch handle an unknown unicast or broadcast frame?
The MAC table maps MAC addresses to ports (learned from source addresses). Frames to an unknown unicast or to the broadcast address are flooded out all ports except the one received on.
What this deck covers
The Network Fundamentals deck follows the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Network Fundamentals syllabus — 5 chapters and 18 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 10.4 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 145 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Network Fundamentals flashcards FAQ
How many Network Fundamentals flashcards are in this Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) deck?
52 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 52-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Network Fundamentals cards cover?
They follow the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Network Fundamentals syllabus — 5 chapters and 18 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.