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Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies 2059 Flashcards
51 question-and-answer cards covering Pakistan Studies 2059 as it is examined in Cambridge O Level. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Pakistan Studies 2059 deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What was the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946?
A British plan proposing a united India with a weak centre and provinces grouped into three sections with autonomy; it was eventually rejected, leading toward partition.
What was 'Direct Action Day' (16 August 1946)?
A day of protest called by the Muslim League to demonstrate Muslim demand for Pakistan; it led to severe communal riots, especially in Calcutta.
What was the 3 June Plan (Mountbatten Plan) of 1947?
The plan announcing the partition of India into India and Pakistan; the Punjab and Bengal would be divided, and provinces could vote to join either dominion.
On what date did Pakistan gain independence, and who became its first Governor-General?
14 August 1947; Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-e-Azam) became the first Governor-General.
What was the Radcliffe Award/Boundary Commission?
The commission led by Sir Cyril Radcliffe that drew the boundary line dividing Punjab and Bengal between India and Pakistan; its controversial decisions favoured India in several Muslim-majority areas (e.g. Gurdaspur).
Name three major problems Pakistan faced at independence in 1947.
Mass migration and refugee crisis with communal violence, division of assets/finances with India, the canal water/Kashmir disputes, accession of princely states, and lack of trained administrators and a capital.
What was the problem of the accession of princely states for Pakistan?
Junagadh and Hyderabad (Muslim rulers, Hindu-majority) were taken by India, while Kashmir (Hindu ruler, Muslim-majority) acceded to India, sparking the first Kashmir war and a lasting dispute.
What was the Canal Water Dispute, and how was it eventually resolved?
India cut off water to Pakistani canals in 1948 by controlling headworks; it was resolved by the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 (mediated by the World Bank), allocating the three western rivers to Pakistan.
What was the Objectives Resolution of 1949?
A foundational document passed by the Constituent Assembly stating that sovereignty belongs to Allah, and that Pakistan would be governed by Islamic principles of democracy, freedom, equality, and justice; it became the preamble of later constitutions.
When was Pakistan's first constitution introduced, and what type of state did it declare?
1956; it declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic with a parliamentary system and a President as head of state.
What was the 'One Unit' policy of 1955?
A scheme that merged all the provinces of West Pakistan into a single province ('One Unit') to balance the population of East Pakistan; it caused resentment among smaller provinces and was abolished in 1970.
When did Ayub Khan take power and what system of government did he introduce?
He imposed martial law in 1958 and introduced 'Basic Democracies' (a tiered system of local government) and the 1962 Constitution establishing a presidential system.
What was the Green Revolution under Ayub Khan?
A programme of agricultural modernisation in the 1960s using high-yield seeds, fertilisers, tube wells and machinery, which greatly increased crop production.
Who succeeded Ayub Khan in 1969 and what major event did he oversee?
General Yahya Khan; he held Pakistan's first general elections on adult franchise in 1970 and presided over the crisis leading to the 1971 war and separation of East Pakistan.
What reforms did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto introduce (1971-1977)?
Nationalisation of industries/banks, land reforms, the 1973 Constitution, and labour reforms; he was also key to the 1973 Constitution and the Simla Agreement with India.
What is significant about the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan?
It established a federal parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature (National Assembly and Senate), made the Prime Minister head of government, and declared Islam the state religion; it remains in force.
What was the policy of Islamisation under General Zia-ul-Haq?
Introduction of Islamic laws (Hudood Ordinances), Zakat and Ushr, interest-free banking measures, and the Federal Shariat Court to bring laws in line with Islam (from 1977/1979).
Name three causes of the separation of East Pakistan in 1971.
Geographic separation (1,000 miles apart), the language controversy (Bengali vs Urdu), economic disparity favouring West Pakistan, political underrepresentation, and the rejection of the 1970 election results.
What was the Six Point Programme and who proposed it?
Proposed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of the Awami League (1966), demanding maximum autonomy for East Pakistan, including separate currency, taxation, and a federal government with only defence and foreign affairs at the centre.
What was the outcome of the 1970 general elections, and how did it lead to crisis?
The Awami League (Mujib) won a majority in East Pakistan and overall, but the PPP (Bhutto) refused to let it form government; the deadlock and military crackdown led to civil war and Bangladesh's creation in December 1971.
What are the main topographical regions of Pakistan?
The Northern and Western Mountains, the Balochistan and Potwar Plateaus, the Indus Plain (Upper and Lower), and the Coastal/Desert areas (Thar and Cholistan deserts).
What type of climate does most of Pakistan experience, and what causes its summer rainfall?
A mostly arid to semi-arid (continental) climate; summer rainfall is brought by the monsoon winds, which blow from the sea over the land from about July to September.
Name three key natural resources of Pakistan and a major hazard it faces.
Resources: natural gas (e.g. Sui), coal, and minerals/water for hydroelectricity; a major hazard is earthquakes (Pakistan lies on plate boundaries), along with floods and droughts.
What are the main methods of irrigation used in Pakistan and what is the largest irrigation system called?
Methods include canal (perennial and inundation) irrigation, tube wells, karez (underground channels in Balochistan), and persian wheels/shaduf; Pakistan has the world's largest contiguous canal irrigation system, the Indus Basin Irrigation System.
What this deck covers
The Pakistan Studies 2059 deck follows the Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies 2059 syllabus — 5 chapters and 17 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 10.2 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 184 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Pakistan Studies 2059 flashcards FAQ
How many Pakistan Studies 2059 flashcards are in this Cambridge O Level deck?
51 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these Cambridge O Level flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 51-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Pakistan Studies 2059 cards cover?
They follow the Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies 2059 syllabus — 5 chapters and 17 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.