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🇵🇰 AKU MBBS Admission Test · flashcards
AKU MBBS Admission Test Biology Flashcards
59 question-and-answer cards covering Biology as it is examined in AKU MBBS Admission Test. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Biology deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
Why is haemophilia more common in males than females?
It is an X-linked recessive disorder; males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele causes the disease, whereas females need two copies.
List the stages of mitosis in order.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT), followed by cytokinesis.
State three key differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells in one division; meiosis produces 4 genetically varied haploid cells in two divisions and includes crossing over and independent assortment.
What two events in meiosis create genetic variation?
Crossing over (exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes in prophase I) and independent assortment of homologous chromosomes in metaphase I.
Name the male and female gametes and where each is produced.
The male gamete is the sperm, produced in the testes (seminiferous tubules); the female gamete is the ovum (egg), produced in the ovaries.
List, in order, the path of sperm from production to release.
Seminiferous tubules (testis) -> epididymis -> vas deferens -> ejaculatory duct -> urethra -> out of the penis.
Name the four hormones of the menstrual cycle and one role of each.
FSH stimulates follicle development; LH triggers ovulation; oestrogen rebuilds the uterine lining and triggers an LH surge; progesterone maintains the uterine lining.
What is cell differentiation and how is it possible if all cells have the same DNA?
Differentiation is the process by which unspecialised cells become specialised for a function; it occurs through differential gene expression — different genes are switched on/off in different cell types.
List the main regions of the digestive tract in order from mouth to anus.
Mouth -> oesophagus -> stomach -> small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) -> large intestine (colon) -> rectum -> anus.
Match each digestive enzyme to its substrate: amylase, protease, lipase.
Amylase digests starch (to maltose), protease digests proteins (to amino acids), and lipase digests lipids (to fatty acids and glycerol).
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
Villi increase the surface area for absorption of digested nutrients; they have a thin wall, rich blood supply, and a lacteal for absorbing fats.
Trace the path of blood through the human heart starting from the vena cava.
Vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body.
Compare arteries, veins, and capillaries by wall structure and function.
Arteries have thick muscular/elastic walls carrying blood away from the heart at high pressure; veins have thinner walls with valves returning blood to the heart; capillaries are one cell thick for exchange of materials.
What is the role of haemoglobin and where is it found?
Haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, binds oxygen (forming oxyhaemoglobin) in the lungs and releases it to respiring tissues; it also helps transport some carbon dioxide.
Describe gas exchange in the alveoli.
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar air into the blood capillaries, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli, down their concentration gradients across the thin moist alveolar wall.
What are the functional unit of the kidney and the three stages of urine formation?
The nephron; urine forms by ultrafiltration (in the glomerulus/Bowman's capsule), selective reabsorption (in the tubules), and secretion, followed by water reabsorption.
What is osmoregulation and which hormone controls water reabsorption in the kidney?
Osmoregulation is the control of water and solute balance in the body; ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, producing more concentrated urine.
Name the three main parts of a neuron and the direction of impulse flow.
Dendrites (receive impulses), cell body, and axon (carries impulse away); impulses travel dendrite -> cell body -> axon -> synapse.
What is a reflex arc and list its components in order?
A rapid involuntary response pathway: receptor -> sensory neuron -> relay (interneuron) in spinal cord -> motor neuron -> effector (muscle/gland).
Name the five types of sensory receptors by the stimulus they detect.
Photoreceptors (light), chemoreceptors (chemicals/taste/smell), mechanoreceptors (pressure/touch/sound), thermoreceptors (temperature), and nociceptors (pain).
Contrast the nervous and endocrine systems as control systems.
The nervous system uses electrical impulses, acts rapidly, and has short-lived, localised effects; the endocrine system uses hormones in the blood, acts more slowly, and has longer-lasting, widespread effects.
Which hormones from the pancreas control blood glucose, and what does each do?
Insulin (from beta cells) lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and glycogen storage; glucagon (from alpha cells) raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.
Define homeostasis and give two examples of variables it regulates.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within narrow limits; examples include body temperature, blood glucose, blood pH, and water/osmotic balance.
Explain the principle of negative feedback in homeostasis.
A change in a variable is detected by receptors, triggering a corrective response by effectors that returns the variable toward the set point, thereby reversing the original change.
What this deck covers
The Biology deck follows the AKU MBBS Admission Test Biology syllabus — 7 chapters and 25 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 8.4 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 161 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Biology flashcards FAQ
How many Biology flashcards are in this AKU MBBS Admission Test deck?
59 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these AKU MBBS Admission Test flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 59-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Biology cards cover?
They follow the AKU MBBS Admission Test Biology syllabus — 7 chapters and 25 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.