AJKPSC Test History of Kashmir Flashcards

24 sample cards from the History of Kashmir deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. What were the main interim constitutional arrangements of AJK before 1974?

   AJK was governed by the Rules of Business and the 1970 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government Act, which set up a President and Legislative Assembly system.

2. What is the AJK Interim Constitution Act of 1974?

   The basic governing law of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, enacted in 1974, establishing a parliamentary system with a President, Prime Minister, Legislative Assembly, and the AJK Council.

3. Under the 1974 Interim Constitution, who is the head of state and who is head of government in AJK?

   The President is the constitutional head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government, elected by the Legislative Assembly.

4. What body was created by the 1974 Act to link AJK with the federal government of Pakistan?

   The Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council, a supra-body (historically chaired by Pakistan's Prime Minister) overseeing certain legislative and executive matters.

5. How many seats does the AJK Legislative Assembly traditionally have under the interim constitutional framework?

   The Assembly has 49 seats, including directly elected general seats, refugee seats (Kashmiris settled in Pakistan), and reserved seats for women, technocrats, etc.

6. What characterised AJK elections and political development up to 1967?

   Early politics was dominated by the Muslim Conference, with limited franchise, presidential dominance, and frequent administrative reorganisation before the move toward fuller parliamentary structures.

7. Which UN Security Council resolution of 1948 first set up a commission on Kashmir?

   Resolution 39 (20 January 1948), which established the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP).

8. What did UN Security Council Resolution 47 (1948) call for on Kashmir?

   Adopted 21 April 1948, it called for a ceasefire, withdrawal of Pakistani and Indian forces, and a free and impartial plebiscite to determine accession to India or Pakistan.

9. What did the UNCIP resolution of 5 January 1949 establish regarding Kashmir's future?

   It affirmed that the question of accession of Jammu and Kashmir would be decided through a free and impartial plebiscite.

10. What is the core principle behind the 'Right of Self-Determination' for Kashmir?

    That the people of Jammu and Kashmir have the right to decide their own political future (accession to India or Pakistan) through a free and impartial plebiscite, as endorsed by UN resolutions.

11. When was the Kashmir ceasefire line first established, and under what agreement?

    On 1 January 1949 (effective), formalised by the Karachi Agreement of 27 July 1949 as the Ceasefire Line between Indian- and Pakistani-held Kashmir.

12. What is the Line of Control (LoC), and when did it replace the Ceasefire Line?

    The LoC is the de facto military boundary dividing Indian- and Pakistani-administered Kashmir; it was established by the Simla Agreement of 1972 (after the 1971 war), renaming the 1949 Ceasefire Line.

13. List the major Indo-Pak wars fought over or involving Kashmir.

    The First Kashmir War (1947–48), the 1965 War, the 1971 War (leading to the Simla Agreement), and the Kargil conflict of 1999.

14. What was the Simla Agreement of 1972 and its effect on Kashmir?

    A bilateral pact between India and Pakistan after the 1971 war that converted the Ceasefire Line into the Line of Control and committed both sides to resolve Kashmir bilaterally and peacefully.

15. What was the Kargil conflict of 1999?

    An armed conflict between India and Pakistan in the Kargil district along the LoC, when fighters occupied high posts on the Indian side, escalating into limited war.

16. In which mountain ranges does Azad Jammu and Kashmir mainly lie?

    In the foothills and ranges of the western Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range, a mountainous and largely north-south oriented terrain.

17. Name the major rivers of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

    The Jhelum, Neelum (Kishanganga), and Poonch rivers are the principal rivers of AJK.

18. What is the capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and how many divisions/districts does it have?

    The capital is Muzaffarabad; AJK is organised into three divisions (Muzaffarabad, Poonch, Mirpur) comprising ten districts.

19. List the districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

    Muzaffarabad, Neelum, Hattian Bala, Bagh, Poonch (Rawalakot), Haveli, Sudhnoti, Kotli, Mirpur, and Bhimber.

20. What are the main natural resources of Azad Jammu and Kashmir?

    Forests (timber), abundant water for hydropower, minerals, fertile valleys for agriculture, and scenic landscapes supporting tourism.

21. Which major hydroelectric project lies in Azad Jammu and Kashmir on the Neelum river?

    The Neelum–Jhelum Hydropower Project, a key power-generation scheme harnessing the Neelum (Kishanganga) waters.

22. What is the famous dam in Mirpur district of AJK and its significance?

    The Mangla Dam on the Jhelum river, one of Pakistan's largest dams, vital for water storage, irrigation, and hydroelectric power; its construction displaced much of old Mirpur.

23. What is the economic backbone of Azad Jammu and Kashmir besides agriculture?

    Remittances from overseas AJK migrants (especially from Mirpur to the UK), tourism, forestry, and hydropower form major economic pillars alongside subsistence agriculture.

24. How does Azad Jammu and Kashmir compare in literacy and education development within Pakistan?

    AJK has one of the highest literacy rates in the Pakistani region (well above the national average), reflecting strong investment in education and social development.

What this deck covers

History of Kashmir flashcards FAQ