RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology Syllabus

Zoology syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Zoology in RUHS / State Nursing Entrance, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Animal Diversity and Tissues

   3 topics

   • Animal Kingdom Classification
     • Non-chordates: Porifera to Echinodermata
     • Chordates and vertebrate classes
   • Animal Tissues
     • Epithelial and connective tissue
     • Muscular and nervous tissue
   • Structural Organization in Animals
     • Earthworm, cockroach and frog morphology
2. 2

   Human Physiology I

   4 topics

   • Digestion and Absorption
     • Alimentary canal and digestive glands
     • Digestion of food and absorption
   • Breathing and Respiration
     • Respiratory system and mechanism
     • Transport and exchange of gases
   • Body Fluids and Circulation
     • Blood, lymph and blood groups
     • Human heart and cardiac cycle
   • Excretory System
     • Human kidney and nephron
     • Urine formation and osmoregulation
3. 3

   Human Physiology II

   4 topics

   • Locomotion and Movement
     • Skeletal system and joints
     • Muscle contraction mechanism
   • Neural Control and Coordination
     • Neuron and nerve impulse
     • Central and peripheral nervous system
   • Chemical Coordination
     • Endocrine glands and hormones
   • Reproduction in Humans
     • Male and female reproductive systems
     • Menstrual cycle and fertilization
4. 4

   Genetics, Evolution and Human Health

   4 topics

   • Principles of Inheritance
     • Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance
     • Sex determination and genetic disorders
   • Evolution
     • Origin of life and theories of evolution
     • Evidence and mechanism of evolution
   • Human Health and Disease
     • Pathogens and common diseases
     • Immunity and the immune system
     • Tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse
   • Biotechnology and Applications
     • Principles of biotechnology
     • Applications in health and agriculture

Zoology flashcards for RUHS / State Nursing Entrance

24 of 50 cards from the Zoology deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In the five-kingdom classification, into which kingdom are all multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms without cell walls placed?

   Kingdom Animalia.

2. What is the basis of classification for the phylum Porifera, and give a common example.

   Pore-bearing animals with a water canal (canal) system and choanocytes; example: Sycon (sponge).

3. Which phylum is characterized by the presence of cnidoblasts (stinging cells) and a radially symmetrical, diploblastic body?

   Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata); examples: Hydra, jellyfish.

4. Name the phylum whose members are triploblastic, dorsoventrally flattened, and acoelomate (e.g., tapeworm, planaria).

   Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms).

5. What distinguishing feature separates Aschelminthes (roundworms) from Platyhelminthes regarding the body cavity?

   Aschelminthes are pseudocoelomate (false coelom), whereas Platyhelminthes are acoelomate.

6. Which phylum is the largest in the animal kingdom and is characterized by jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton?

   Phylum Arthropoda.

7. What unique larval feature defines all chordates at some stage of life?

   A notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, paired pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail.

8. List the four primary tissue types found in animals.

   Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

9. Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli and blood capillaries, allowing easy diffusion?

   Simple squamous epithelium.

10. What is the function and an example location of ciliated epithelium?

    It moves particles/mucus in a specific direction; found in the trachea, bronchioles, and fallopian tubes.

11. Name the connective tissue specialized for fat storage and the cells it contains.

    Adipose tissue, containing adipocytes that store fat.

12. What protein fibers give tendons and ligaments their strength, and what do they connect respectively?

    Collagen fibers; tendons connect muscle to bone, ligaments connect bone to bone.

13. What are the three types of muscle tissue and which is involuntary and unstriated?

    Skeletal (striated, voluntary), cardiac (striated, involuntary), and smooth muscle (unstriated, involuntary).

14. What is the functional and structural unit of the nervous system?

    The neuron (nerve cell).

15. What is the role of the enzyme salivary amylase (ptyalin) in digestion?

    It begins the digestion of starch, breaking it into maltose in the mouth.

16. In the stomach, which inactive enzyme is converted to its active form pepsin, and by what?

    Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid (HCl).

17. Where is most absorption of digested food completed, and through what structures?

    In the small intestine, mainly the jejunum and ileum, through finger-like villi and microvilli.

18. What is the function of bile in digestion, and where is it produced and stored?

    Bile emulsifies fats (no enzymes); produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

19. Name the three pancreatic enzymes and their substrates.

    Trypsin (proteins), pancreatic amylase (carbohydrates), and lipase (fats).

20. What is the role of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inspiration?

    They contract, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing pressure, drawing air into the lungs.

21. Define tidal volume.

    The volume of air inspired or expired during a normal breath, about 500 mL.

22. What is vital capacity?

    The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a maximum inspiration; equals ERV + TV + IRV.

23. How is the majority of carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

    About 70% as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in plasma.

24. Name the iron-containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

    Haemoglobin.

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