NEET SS Gastroenterology (DM) Syllabus

Gastroenterology (DM) syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Gastroenterology (DM) in NEET SS, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Esophageal and Gastroduodenal Disorders

   3 topics

   • GERD and Esophageal Motility Disorders
     • Achalasia and high-resolution manometry
     • Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia
   • Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori
     • Eradication regimens
   • Upper GI Bleeding
     • Variceal vs non-variceal bleeding
     • Endoscopic hemostasis
2. 2

   Intestinal Disorders

   4 topics

   • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
     • Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
     • Biologic and small-molecule therapy
   • Malabsorption and Celiac Disease
     • Tropical sprue and small bowel evaluation
   • Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional GI Disorders
     • Rome criteria
   • Lower GI Bleeding and Colorectal Neoplasia
     • Polyps and screening
3. 3

   Pancreaticobiliary Diseases

   3 topics

   • Acute Pancreatitis
     • Severity scoring and fluid management
     • Local complications
   • Chronic Pancreatitis
     • Pain and exocrine insufficiency
   • Biliary Disorders
     • Choledocholithiasis and cholangitis
     • Primary sclerosing cholangitis
4. 4

   Hepatology

   4 topics

   • Viral Hepatitis
     • Hepatitis B and C management
     • Acute viral hepatitis (A, E)
   • Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension
     • Variceal management
     • Ascites, SBP and hepatorenal syndrome
     • Hepatic encephalopathy
   • Metabolic and Autoimmune Liver Disease
     • MASLD/NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease
     • Autoimmune hepatitis and PBC
   • Acute Liver Failure and Liver Transplantation
     • MELD score and transplant criteria

Gastroenterology (DM) flashcards for NEET SS

19 of 51 cards from the Gastroenterology (DM) deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In GERD, what is the most accurate test for diagnosing pathological acid reflux and establishing symptom-reflux correlation?

   24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring (or combined pH-impedance monitoring). A DeMeester score >14.72 or acid exposure time >6% indicates pathological reflux.

2. What are the classic manometric findings of achalasia?

   Absent peristalsis in the distal esophagus plus impaired LES relaxation (elevated integrated relaxation pressure, IRP >15 mmHg on high-resolution manometry).

3. What is the Chicago Classification of achalasia subtypes and which responds best to therapy?

   Type I (classic, no pressurization), Type II (panesophageal pressurization, best prognosis/response to treatment), Type III (spastic, premature contractions, worst response).

4. What barium swallow finding is characteristic of achalasia, and which of diffuse esophageal spasm?

   Achalasia shows a smooth 'bird's beak' tapering at the GE junction with a dilated esophagus; diffuse esophageal spasm shows a 'corkscrew' or 'rosary bead' esophagus.

5. What is the definition and significance of Barrett's esophagus?

   Replacement of normal squamous epithelium by specialized intestinal columnar metaplasia (with goblet cells) due to chronic GERD; it is a premalignant condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma.

6. What is the first-line eradication regimen for H. pylori in areas of high clarithromycin resistance?

   Bismuth-based quadruple therapy: PPI + bismuth + tetracycline + metronidazole for 14 days.

7. Which non-invasive tests are best for confirming H. pylori eradication after treatment?

   Urea breath test or stool antigen test, performed at least 4 weeks after antibiotics and 1-2 weeks off PPIs (to avoid false negatives).

8. How do duodenal and gastric ulcers differ in their relationship to meals?

   Duodenal ulcer pain is relieved by food and worsens 2-3 hours after eating/at night; gastric ulcer pain is typically worsened by food.

9. What triad defines Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and what is the diagnostic test?

   Gastrin-secreting tumor (gastrinoma), gastric acid hypersecretion, and severe/refractory peptic ulcers. Diagnosis: elevated fasting serum gastrin with gastric pH <2, confirmed by secretin stimulation test (paradoxical gastrin rise >120 pg/mL).

10. What is the Forrest classification used for and which grade has the highest rebleeding risk?

    It grades endoscopic appearance of bleeding peptic ulcers. Forrest Ia (active spurting) has the highest rebleeding risk; Forrest III (clean base) has the lowest.

11. What scoring systems are used to risk-stratify upper GI bleeding before and after endoscopy?

    Pre-endoscopy: Glasgow-Blatchford score (a score of 0-1 may allow outpatient management). Post-endoscopy: Rockall score (predicts rebleeding and mortality).

12. What is the management algorithm for acute variceal upper GI bleeding?

    Resuscitation, vasoactive drug (octreotide/terlipressin), prophylactic antibiotics (ceftriaxone), and endoscopic band ligation within 12 hours; balloon tamponade or TIPS for refractory bleeding.

13. Compare the typical distribution and depth of inflammation in Crohn's disease versus ulcerative colitis.

    Crohn's: transmural, skip lesions, mouth-to-anus (often terminal ileum), with granulomas. UC: mucosal/submucosal only, continuous, limited to colon starting from rectum, no granulomas.

14. Which serologic markers help differentiate Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis?

    ASCA (anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody) positive in Crohn's; p-ANCA positive in ulcerative colitis.

15. What is the Truelove and Witts criteria used for in ulcerative colitis?

    Assessing severity of an acute UC flare using stool frequency, blood in stool, fever, tachycardia, anemia, and ESR to classify mild, moderate, or severe disease.

16. What are the major extraintestinal manifestations of IBD that parallel versus run independent of bowel activity?

    Parallel disease activity: peripheral arthritis, erythema nodosum, episcleritis. Independent of activity: ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, uveitis.

17. What is the gold standard serologic and histologic diagnosis of celiac disease?

    Serology: anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA) with total IgA. Histology (gold standard): duodenal biopsy showing villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis (Marsh classification).

18. Which HLA haplotypes are associated with celiac disease and what is their clinical utility?

    HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Their high negative predictive value makes them useful to exclude celiac disease when negative.

19. What is the D-xylose test used to differentiate in malabsorption?

    It distinguishes mucosal disease from pancreatic insufficiency: abnormal (low urinary/serum xylose) indicates intestinal mucosal disease; normal suggests pancreatic cause of malabsorption.

See more Gastroenterology (DM) flashcards →

Planning Gastroenterology (DM) for NEET SS

Gastroenterology (DM) (NEET SS) FAQ