CFTRI M.Sc. (Food Technology) Zoology Syllabus

Zoology syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Zoology in CFTRI M.Sc. (Food Technology), not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Molecular basis of life

   1 topic

   • Nucleic acids and their role in life
2. 2

   Elements of genetics

   overview

   Examined as a single unit within Zoology — no further topic split in the official outline.

3. 3

   Organisation of animal tissues

   overview

   Examined as a single unit within Zoology — no further topic split in the official outline.

4. 4

   Elements in human anatomy and physiology

   5 topics

   • Endocrine glands
   • Digestion
   • Absorption
   • Respiration
   • General physiology of animals
5. 5

   Systematics of animals

   overview

   Examined as a single unit within Zoology — no further topic split in the official outline.

Zoology flashcards for CFTRI M.Sc. (Food Technology)

24 of 52 cards from the Zoology deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What are the two types of nucleic acids found in living cells?

   Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

2. What are the three components of a nucleotide?

   A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

3. Which pentose sugars are present in DNA and RNA respectively?

   DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose.

4. Name the purine and pyrimidine bases found in DNA.

   Purines: adenine and guanine. Pyrimidines: cytosine and thymine.

5. How does the base composition of RNA differ from DNA?

   RNA contains uracil instead of thymine; the other three bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine) are the same.

6. State Chargaff's rule of base pairing in DNA.

   In DNA the amount of adenine equals thymine (A=T) and guanine equals cytosine (G=C), so purines equal pyrimidines.

7. What type of bond holds complementary bases together in the DNA double helix?

   Hydrogen bonds: A-T pairs with 2 hydrogen bonds and G-C with 3 hydrogen bonds.

8. Who proposed the double-helix model of DNA and in what year?

   James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.

9. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

   The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA (transcription) to protein (translation): DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

10. List the three main types of RNA and their functions.

    mRNA (carries genetic message for protein synthesis), tRNA (transfers amino acids to ribosome), and rRNA (structural and catalytic component of ribosomes).

11. Why is DNA called the hereditary material of life?

    Because it stores genetic information, replicates faithfully, and transmits traits from one generation to the next through genes.

12. What is the difference between an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

    Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the blood; exocrine glands secrete products through ducts to a surface or cavity.

13. Which gland is called the 'master gland' of the body and why?

    The pituitary gland, because its hormones control the activity of many other endocrine glands.

14. Name the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and an essential element required for it.

    Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3); iodine is essential for their synthesis.

15. Which hormone regulates blood glucose by lowering it, and which gland secretes it?

    Insulin, secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

16. Which pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose levels?

    Glucagon, secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans.

17. What hormones do the adrenal medulla secrete and what is their main role?

    Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline; they prepare the body for the 'fight or flight' emergency response.

18. Which hormone from the adrenal cortex regulates sodium and potassium balance?

    Aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid).

19. What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

    It raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, renal calcium reabsorption, and vitamin D activation.

20. Which deficiency disorder results from lack of thyroxine in adults, and which in children?

    Myxoedema in adults and cretinism in children.

21. Name the male and female sex hormones and their primary endocrine sources.

    Testosterone from the testes (Leydig cells); estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries.

22. What is digestion?

    The process of breaking down complex, insoluble food molecules into simple, soluble, absorbable forms by mechanical and chemical means.

23. Which enzyme in saliva begins starch digestion and what does it produce?

    Salivary amylase (ptyalin), which breaks starch into maltose.

24. Name the gastric enzyme that digests proteins and the form it is secreted in.

    Pepsin, secreted as the inactive zymogen pepsinogen and activated by HCl.

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