AFMC / NEET-linked AFMC Admission Zoology (NEET-UG Biology: Animal Sciences) Syllabus

Zoology (NEET-UG Biology: Animal Sciences) syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Zoology (NEET-UG Biology: Animal Sciences) in AFMC / NEET-linked AFMC Admission, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Animal Diversity and Organisation

   3 topics

   • Animal Kingdom
     • Basis of classification and symmetry
     • Non-chordate phyla up to Echinodermata
     • Chordates and classes of vertebrates
   • Structural Organisation in Animals
     • Animal tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, neural
     • Morphology and anatomy of earthworm, cockroach, frog
   • Levels of Organisation and Symmetry
     • Cellular, tissue, organ and organ-system grades
     • Body symmetry, coelom and segmentation
2. 2

   Human Physiology I

   4 topics

   • Digestion and Absorption
     • Alimentary canal and digestive glands
     • Digestion, absorption and disorders
   • Breathing and Exchange of Gases
     • Respiratory organs and mechanism
     • Transport of gases and regulation
   • Body Fluids and Circulation
     • Blood composition and coagulation
     • Cardiac cycle, ECG and double circulation
   • Excretory Products and Their Elimination
     • Nephron structure and urine formation
     • Regulation and disorders of kidney
3. 3

   Human Physiology II

   3 topics

   • Locomotion and Movement
     • Muscle contraction mechanism
     • Skeletal system and joints
   • Neural Control and Coordination
     • Neuron and nerve impulse
     • Central and peripheral nervous system
     • Sense organs: eye and ear
   • Chemical Coordination and Integration
     • Endocrine glands and hormones
     • Mechanism of hormone action and disorders
4. 4

   Human Reproduction and Health

   3 topics

   • Human Reproductive System
     • Male and female reproductive systems
     • Gametogenesis, menstrual cycle and fertilisation
     • Pregnancy, parturition and lactation
   • Reproductive Health
     • Contraception and population control
     • STDs and infertility, ART
   • Developmental Biology Basics
     • Embryonic development and implantation
     • Placenta and foetal development
5. 5

   Genetics, Evolution and Human Welfare

   4 topics

   • Human Health and Disease
     • Pathogens and common diseases
     • Immunity and vaccines
     • Cancer, AIDS and drug abuse
   • Evolution
     • Origin of life and evidences
     • Darwinism, Hardy-Weinberg and natural selection
     • Human evolution
   • Microbes in Human Welfare
     • Microbes in food and industry
     • Microbes in sewage treatment and biocontrol
   • Biotechnology in Health
     • Genetically engineered insulin and gene therapy
     • Molecular diagnosis and ethical issues

Zoology (NEET-UG Biology: Animal Sciences) flashcards for AFMC / NEET-linked AFMC Admission

19 of 51 cards from the Zoology (NEET-UG Biology: Animal Sciences) deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In the five-kingdom classification (Whittaker), to which kingdom do all multicellular, heterotrophic animals with holozoic nutrition belong?

   Kingdom Animalia — multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic (holozoic) organisms without cell walls.

2. What is the basis for classifying animals into Diploblastic and Triploblastic?

   Number of germ layers: Diploblastic have two (ectoderm + endoderm, e.g. Cnidaria); Triploblastic have three (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, e.g. from Platyhelminthes onward).

3. Define a coelom and name the three coelomic conditions found in animals.

   Coelom = a true body cavity lined by mesoderm. Conditions: Acoelomate (no cavity), Pseudocoelomate (cavity not fully lined by mesoderm), and Coelomate (true mesoderm-lined cavity).

4. Distinguish radial from bilateral symmetry, giving an example phylum for each.

   Radial symmetry: body divisible into identical halves through any plane along the central axis (e.g. Cnidaria, Echinodermata adults). Bilateral symmetry: only one plane divides body into mirror left and right halves (e.g. Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata).

5. What are the four hallmark (fundamental) chordate characters?

   Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, paired pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal muscular tail — present at some stage of life.

6. Name the four levels of organisation seen in the animal kingdom, in increasing complexity.

   Cellular level (Porifera), tissue level (Cnidaria, Ctenophora), organ level (Platyhelminthes), and organ-system level (Annelida onward).

7. List the four basic types of animal tissue.

   Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

8. What kind of epithelium lines the alveoli and blood capillaries, and why is it suited there?

   Simple squamous epithelium — thin, flat cells that allow rapid diffusion of gases and substances.

9. Which connective tissue cells secrete histamine and heparin, and which secrete antibodies?

   Mast cells secrete histamine and heparin; plasma cells (from B-lymphocytes) secrete antibodies.

10. Name the three types of muscle tissue and state which are voluntary vs involuntary.

    Skeletal (striated, voluntary), smooth/visceral (unstriated, involuntary), and cardiac (striated, involuntary).

11. What is the basic functional unit of a contractile muscle fibre, and between which structures does it lie?

    The sarcomere — the region between two successive Z-lines (Z-discs).

12. State the dental formula of an adult human.

    2123/2123 (per half jaw: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars) — total 32 teeth; humans are heterodont, diphyodont, thecodont.

13. Which enzyme begins starch digestion in the mouth, and what does it convert starch into?

    Salivary amylase (ptyalin) hydrolyses starch into maltose, isomaltose, and limit dextrins.

14. Name the inactive proenzyme of pepsin and the substance that activates it.

    Pepsinogen is the proenzyme; it is activated by HCl (and by pepsin itself, autocatalysis) into active pepsin in the stomach.

15. What is the role of bile in digestion even though it contains no digestive enzymes?

    Bile salts emulsify fats into small droplets (increasing surface area for lipase), and help absorb fats; bile also makes the medium alkaline and activates lipases.

16. Where in the alimentary canal does most absorption of digested food occur, and which structures increase its surface area?

    The small intestine (mainly jejunum/ileum); villi and microvilli greatly increase the absorptive surface area.

17. Give the balanced overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration of glucose.

    C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP).

18. Define tidal volume and give its approximate normal value in humans.

    Tidal volume = the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal (resting) breath; about 500 mL.

19. What is vital capacity, and how is it calculated from lung volumes?

    Vital capacity = maximum air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. VC = ERV + TV + IRV (or IC + ERV); about 3500–4500 mL.

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