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🇮🇳 NABARD Grade A · subject

NABARD Grade A Computer Knowledge Syllabus

The Computer Knowledge syllabus for NABARD Grade A in full: 3 chapters, 10 topics and 19 sub-topics, every one listed below, plus 60 Computer Knowledge flashcards with answers.

3Chapters
10Topics
19Sub-topics
60Flashcards

Computer Knowledge syllabus: all 3 chapters

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.

  1. Computer Fundamentals

     3 topics
    • Basics of Computers
      • Generations and types of computers
      • Input and output devices
    • Hardware and Software
      • CPU, memory and storage
      • System and application software
    • Number Systems and Data Representation
      • Binary, octal and hexadecimal
      • Bits, bytes and units of memory

  2. Operating Systems and Office Tools

     3 topics
    • Operating Systems
      • Functions of OS
      • Windows and Linux basics
    • MS Office
      • MS Word and Excel
      • MS PowerPoint and shortcuts
    • File Management
      • Files, folders and extensions

  3. Networking, Internet and Security

     4 topics
    • Computer Networks
      • LAN, WAN, MAN and topologies
      • OSI model basics
    • Internet and Web
      • WWW, browsers and protocols
      • Email and search engines
    • Cyber Security
      • Viruses, malware and firewalls
      • Cyber threats and safe practices
    • Emerging Technologies
      • Cloud computing, AI and IoT
      • Blockchain and big data

NABARD Grade A Computer Knowledge flashcards — 60 questions with answers

  1. What is a computer?

    An electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it according to stored instructions (a program), and produces meaningful information as output, with the ability to store data.

  2. What are the four basic functions performed by a computer?

    Input (accepting data), Processing (manipulating data), Output (producing results), and Storage (retaining data and instructions).

  3. Name the five generations of computers by their main technology.

    1st - Vacuum tubes; 2nd - Transistors; 3rd - Integrated Circuits (ICs); 4th - Microprocessors (VLSI); 5th - Artificial Intelligence (ULSI/parallel processing).

  4. What does CPU stand for, and what are its main components?

    Central Processing Unit; its main components are the Control Unit (CU), the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and registers.

  5. What is the function of the ALU and the Control Unit in the CPU?

    The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations; the Control Unit directs and coordinates all operations by fetching, decoding, and executing instructions.

  6. What is the difference between hardware and software?

    Hardware is the physical, tangible components of a computer (e.g., CPU, monitor); software is the set of programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

  7. What is the difference between system software and application software?

    System software manages and runs the computer (e.g., OS, device drivers, utilities); application software performs specific user tasks (e.g., MS Word, browsers).

  8. Classify input devices with examples.

    Devices that feed data into a computer: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, joystick, light pen, barcode reader, and webcam.

  9. Classify output devices with examples.

    Devices that present results to the user: monitor, printer, speaker, plotter, and projector.

  10. What is firmware?

    Permanent software programmed into a read-only memory (such as ROM/flash) of a hardware device, providing low-level control; e.g., BIOS.

  11. Differentiate primary memory from secondary memory.

    Primary memory (RAM/ROM) is directly accessible by the CPU, fast, and mostly volatile; secondary memory (HDD, SSD, CD) is non-volatile, larger, slower, and used for permanent storage.

  12. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

    RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile read/write working memory that loses data on power-off; ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile and stores permanent instructions like boot firmware.

  13. Differentiate SRAM and DRAM.

    SRAM uses flip-flops, is faster, costlier, and needs no refresh (used in cache); DRAM uses capacitors, is slower, cheaper, denser, and needs constant refreshing (used as main memory).

  14. What is cache memory and why is it used?

    A small, very fast memory placed between the CPU and RAM that stores frequently used data/instructions to reduce average access time and speed up processing.

  15. List the memory hierarchy from fastest to slowest.

    Registers > Cache memory > Main memory (RAM) > Secondary storage (SSD/HDD) > Tertiary/offline storage (tape, optical).

  16. What is a binary number system and which digits does it use?

    A base-2 number system used internally by computers, using only two digits: 0 and 1.

  17. What is the base (radix) of decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems?

    Decimal = base 10, Binary = base 2, Octal = base 8, Hexadecimal = base 16.

  18. Convert the binary number 1010 to decimal.

    10 (8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10).

  19. Convert the decimal number 25 to binary.

    11001.

  20. Define bit, nibble, and byte.

    A bit is a single binary digit (0 or 1); a nibble is 4 bits; a byte is 8 bits.

Show the other 40 Computer Knowledge flashcards

  1. List storage units in increasing order from byte to terabyte.

    Byte < Kilobyte (KB) < Megabyte (MB) < Gigabyte (GB) < Terabyte (TB), each step being approximately 1024 times the previous.

  2. What is ASCII and how many bits does standard ASCII use?

    ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a character-encoding standard; standard ASCII uses 7 bits, representing 128 characters.

  3. What is Unicode and why is it important?

    A universal character-encoding standard that assigns a unique code to every character of all major languages, allowing consistent representation of multilingual text.

  4. What is an operating system?

    System software that manages computer hardware and software resources and acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.

  5. List the main functions of an operating system.

    Process management, memory management, file management, device/I-O management, security, and providing a user interface.

  6. Give examples of popular operating systems.

    Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix, Android, and iOS.

  7. What is the difference between a GUI and a CLI?

    GUI (Graphical User Interface) lets users interact via icons, windows, and a mouse; CLI (Command Line Interface) requires users to type text commands.

  8. What is multitasking in an operating system?

    The ability of an OS to execute multiple tasks or processes seemingly at the same time by rapidly switching the CPU among them.

  9. What is virtual memory?

    A memory-management technique that uses part of secondary storage (disk) as an extension of RAM, allowing execution of programs larger than physical memory.

  10. What is booting, and what is the difference between cold and warm booting?

    Booting is starting up a computer and loading the OS. Cold booting starts a powered-off computer; warm booting restarts an already running computer (e.g., Ctrl+Alt+Del).

  11. What is MS Office and name its core applications.

    A suite of productivity software by Microsoft; core applications include Word (word processing), Excel (spreadsheets), PowerPoint (presentations), Access (database), and Outlook (email).

  12. What is the default file extension for MS Word, Excel, and PowerPoint (2007 onward)?

    Word = .docx, Excel = .xlsx, PowerPoint = .pptx.

  13. In MS Excel, what is a cell, and how is its address formed?

    A cell is the intersection of a row and a column; its address is formed by the column letter followed by the row number (e.g., B5).

  14. How do you begin a formula in MS Excel?

    By typing an equals sign (=) at the start of the cell entry.

  15. What does the Excel function =SUM(A1:A10) do?

    It adds the values in the range of cells from A1 through A10.

  16. Name common keyboard shortcuts: Copy, Paste, Cut, Undo, Save.

    Copy = Ctrl+C, Paste = Ctrl+V, Cut = Ctrl+X, Undo = Ctrl+Z, Save = Ctrl+S.

  17. What is a file and what is a folder (directory)?

    A file is a named collection of related data stored as a unit; a folder (directory) is a container used to organize and group files and other folders.

  18. What is a file extension and give three common examples.

    A suffix after the dot in a filename indicating the file type/format; e.g., .txt (text), .jpg (image), .pdf (document).

  19. What is a file path?

    The complete address that specifies the location of a file or folder in the storage hierarchy (e.g., C:\Users\Documents\file.txt).

  20. What is the difference between deleting a file normally and using Shift+Delete in Windows?

    A normal delete moves the file to the Recycle Bin (recoverable); Shift+Delete removes it permanently, bypassing the Recycle Bin.

  21. What is a computer network?

    Two or more interconnected computers/devices that can share data, resources, and communicate with each other.

  22. Differentiate LAN, MAN, and WAN by geographic scope.

    LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small area like a building; MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) covers a city; WAN (Wide Area Network) covers large regions or countries (e.g., the Internet).

  23. Name common network topologies.

    Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, and Tree topologies.

  24. What is the function of a router versus a switch?

    A router connects different networks and routes data between them using IP addresses; a switch connects devices within the same network and forwards data using MAC addresses.

  25. What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

    A hub broadcasts incoming data to all ports (shared bandwidth); a switch forwards data only to the intended destination port (dedicated bandwidth), making it more efficient.

  26. What does the Internet stand for, and which protocol suite does it use?

    The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks; it uses the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite.

  27. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

    HTTP transfers web data in plain text; HTTPS adds an SSL/TLS encryption layer, making the communication secure.

  28. What is a URL and name its main parts?

    A Uniform Resource Locator is the address of a web resource; its parts include the protocol (https://), domain name (www.example.com), and path (/page).

  29. What is the difference between authentication and authorization in cyber security?

    Authentication verifies a user's identity (who you are); authorization determines what an authenticated user is permitted to access or do.

  30. Differentiate a virus, a worm, and a Trojan horse.

    A virus attaches to files and needs a host/user action to spread; a worm self-replicates and spreads across networks without a host; a Trojan horse disguises itself as legitimate software to gain access.

  31. What is phishing?

    A cyber attack where attackers impersonate trusted entities (often via fake emails or websites) to trick users into revealing sensitive information like passwords or bank details.

  32. What is a firewall?

    A network security system (hardware or software) that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined security rules to block unauthorized access.

  33. What is encryption?

    The process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable coded form (ciphertext) so only authorized parties with the key can read it.

  34. What is cloud computing?

    The delivery of computing services such as storage, servers, and software over the Internet on demand, typically on a pay-as-you-use basis.

  35. What are the three main service models of cloud computing?

    IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), and SaaS (Software as a Service).

  36. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

    The branch of computer science focused on building machines and systems capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and decision-making.

  37. What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

    A network of physical devices embedded with sensors and software that connect and exchange data over the Internet (e.g., smart appliances, wearables).

  38. What is Blockchain technology?

    A distributed, decentralized digital ledger that records transactions across many computers in linked, tamper-resistant blocks, ensuring transparency and security.

  39. What is Big Data?

    Extremely large and complex datasets that traditional tools cannot process efficiently, often described by the characteristics Volume, Velocity, and Variety.

  40. What is Machine Learning and how does it relate to AI?

    Machine Learning is a subset of AI that enables systems to learn patterns from data and improve performance automatically without being explicitly programmed for every task.

NABARD Grade A Computer Knowledge FAQ

What is in the NABARD Grade A Computer Knowledge syllabus?

NABARD Grade A Computer Knowledge is split into 3 chapters: Computer Fundamentals, Operating Systems and Office Tools and Networking, Internet and Security. Together they contain 10 topics and 19 sub-topics.

How many chapters are in NABARD Grade A Computer Knowledge?

3 chapters, containing 10 topics and 19 sub-topics. The largest chapter is Networking, Internet and Security, with 4 topics.

Are there flashcards for NABARD Grade A Computer Knowledge?

Yes — a 60-card Computer Knowledge deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.