KVS Recruitment (PGT/TGT/PRT) Subject-Specific Knowledge (Post-wise) Syllabus

For TGT Social Science, what are the three branches of government under the doctrine of separation of powers?

Legislature (makes laws), Executive (implements laws), and Judiciary (interprets laws).

What are the four spheres of the Earth studied in geography?

Lithosphere (land), Hydrosphere (water), Atmosphere (air), and Biosphere (living things).

In Indian history, in which years did the First War of Independence and Indian Independence occur?

The Revolt/First War of Independence was in 1857; India gained independence on 15 August 1947.

What is the difference between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution?

Fundamental Rights (Part III) are justiciable and enforceable in court; Directive Principles (Part IV) are non-justiciable guidelines for the State to frame policy.

For TGT Languages, what is the difference between a phrase and a clause?

A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb pair; a clause contains a subject and a predicate (verb). A clause can be independent or dependent.

Name the four types of sentences classified by function.

Declarative (statement), Interrogative (question), Imperative (command/request), and Exclamatory (strong emotion).

In grammar, what are the three degrees of comparison of adjectives, with an example?

Positive (tall), Comparative (taller), and Superlative (tallest).

For PGT Physics, state Ohm's law and its formula.

At constant temperature, the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it: V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

In PGT Chemistry, what is the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction?

Exothermic reactions release heat to the surroundings (ΔH negative); endothermic reactions absorb heat from the surroundings (ΔH positive).

State the first law of thermodynamics relevant to PGT Sciences.

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed: ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is change in internal energy, Q is heat added, and W is work done by the system.

In PGT Biology, what are the phases of mitosis in order?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase (PMAT), followed by cytokinesis. Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells.

What is Avogadro's number and what does it represent in PGT Chemistry?

6.022 x 10²³ — the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) in one mole of a substance.

In PGT Mathematics (calculus), what does the derivative of a function represent?

The derivative represents the instantaneous rate of change of the function, i.e., the slope of the tangent to the curve at a point.

State the basic differentiation rule for a power function, d/dx(xⁿ).

d/dx(xⁿ) = n·xⁿ⁻¹ (the power rule).

In PGT Mathematics, what is the difference between permutation and combination?

Permutation counts arrangements where order matters (nPr = n!/(n-r)!); combination counts selections where order does not matter (nCr = n!/[r!(n-r)!]).

For PGT Commerce, what is the accounting equation?

Assets = Liabilities + Capital (Owner's Equity). It reflects the dual aspect concept of accounting.

In commerce, what is the difference between a trial balance and a balance sheet?

A trial balance lists all ledger account balances to check arithmetic accuracy of double-entry; a balance sheet is a financial statement showing assets, liabilities and capital at a point in time.

For PGT Commerce/Economics, what is the law of demand?

Other things being equal, as the price of a good rises its quantity demanded falls, and as price falls quantity demanded rises — an inverse relationship.

In PGT Humanities (Economics), what is GDP and how does it differ from GNP?

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders; GNP adds net income earned by residents from abroad.

For PGT Computer Science, what are the four pillars of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

In computer science, what is the difference between RAM and ROM?

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, read-write working memory that loses data when power is off; ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile and stores permanent instructions like firmware.

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A compiler translates the entire source code into machine code at once before execution; an interpreter translates and executes the code line by line at runtime.

In PGT Computer Science, what are the basic data structures: stack vs queue?

A stack follows LIFO (Last In, First Out) order; a queue follows FIFO (First In, First Out) order.

What does the OSI model stand for and how many layers does it have?

Open Systems Interconnection model — a 7-layer networking framework: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

In Physical Education, what are the components of health-related physical fitness?

Cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

What is BMI and how is it calculated in Physical Education?

Body Mass Index measures body fat based on height and weight: BMI = weight (kg) / [height (m)]². Normal range is about 18.5 to 24.9.

In Physical Education, what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?

Aerobic exercise uses oxygen for sustained, lower-intensity activity (e.g., jogging); anaerobic exercise is high-intensity, short-duration without oxygen (e.g., sprinting, weightlifting).

In Music education, name the seven swaras (notes) of the Indian classical sargam.

Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni (Shadja, Rishabh, Gandhar, Madhyam, Pancham, Dhaivat, Nishad).

In Art education, what are the three primary colours and the three secondary colours?

Primary colours: red, blue, yellow. Secondary colours (made by mixing primaries): green, orange, violet.

In Work Education / Art, what is the difference between warm and cool colours?

Warm colours (red, orange, yellow) evoke energy and heat; cool colours (blue, green, violet) evoke calm and coolness.

In Library Science, what are the Five Laws of Library Science given by S. R. Ranganathan?

1) Books are for use. 2) Every reader his/her book. 3) Every book its reader. 4) Save the time of the reader. 5) A library is a growing organism.

In Library Science, what is the difference between the DDC and CC classification systems?

DDC (Dewey Decimal Classification) is an enumerative system using decimal numbers across 10 main classes; CC (Colon Classification) by Ranganathan is a faceted/analytico-synthetic system that builds numbers from facets using connecting symbols like the colon.