SAP SAP SD Syllabus

What is a scale in SD pricing conditions?

A scale allows graduated pricing based on quantity or value—e.g., a lower price per unit as order quantity increases (quantity scale) or a discount that grows with order value—maintained within the condition record.

What is an Inquiry document in SAP SD and is it binding?

An Inquiry (doc type IN) is a customer's request for information about products/prices/availability. It is a pre-sales document, non-binding, and creates no financial or inventory postings.

What is a Quotation in SAP SD, and what key attribute distinguishes it?

A Quotation (doc type QT) is a legally binding offer to sell goods/services at stated prices and conditions within a validity period. It has a validity date range and can be referenced/copied into a sales order.

How are pre-sales documents (inquiry/quotation) linked to a subsequent sales order?

Through copy control (copying requirements and reference procedures) and document flow: the sales order is created with reference to the quotation/inquiry, and completed quantities update the reference document's status.

What is the standard sales document type for a standard sales order in SAP SD?

OR (in English; TA in German) is the standard sales order document type.

Name the three structural levels of a sales order and one example of data controlled at each.

Header (sold-to party, order date, overall value), Item (material, quantity, item category, plant), and Schedule Line (confirmed quantity, delivery date, movement type/availability).

What is a "Schedule Line" in a sales order and what does its category control?

A Schedule Line specifies delivery quantities and dates for an item. The schedule line category (e.g., CP, CN) controls whether an availability check and transfer of requirements occur, and the goods issue movement type.

What determines the "Item Category" in a sales order, and list the determination key.

Item category is determined by: Sales Document Type + Item Category Group (from material) + (Item Usage) + (Higher-level Item Category). Example result: TAN for a standard item in an OR order.

What is the standard item category for a normal (standard) item in a standard order, and for a free-of-charge item?

TAN is the standard item category; TANN is the free-of-charge item category (relevant for pricing as 100% discount / no charge).

What is an "Availability Check" (ATP) in SAP SD?

Available-to-Promise checks whether requested quantities can be confirmed on the requested date by considering current stock plus inward/outward movements. It produces confirmed schedule lines and can propose delivery proposal or one-time delivery.

What is "Transfer of Requirements" (TOR) in SD?

TOR passes the demand created by sales documents (order/delivery) to MRP/planning so that production or procurement can be triggered to fulfill the requirement. It is controlled by the schedule line category and requirements class.

What is an Outbound Delivery document and what shipping activities does it support?

The Outbound Delivery (VL01N) is the central shipping document. It supports picking, packing, transportation planning, and posting goods issue. It is created with reference to a sales order once items are due for delivery.

What is "Picking" in delivery processing and which component often handles it?

Picking is selecting and staging the exact goods and quantities from a storage location to fulfill the delivery. It can be handled by Lean WM (transfer orders) or entered directly in the delivery's picking tab.

What does "Post Goods Issue" (PGI) do in the SD delivery process?

PGI reduces warehouse stock, posts the goods movement (movement type 601), creates an FI accounting document debiting cost of goods sold and crediting inventory, updates requirements, and sets the delivery to "complete" for billing.

After Post Goods Issue, which two accounts are typically affected in FI?

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is debited and Inventory (stock account) is credited, valued at the material's cost (standard or moving average price).

What is a Billing Document in SAP SD and what does it generate in FI?

A Billing Document (invoice, VF01) records the sale for the customer. Upon release to accounting it generates an FI document that debits customer receivables (A/R) and credits revenue (and tax), and posts values to CO-PA.

Differentiate delivery-related billing from order-related billing.

Delivery-related billing is based on the outbound delivery quantity (used for physical goods, e.g., invoice type F2). Order-related billing is based directly on the sales order (used for services or credit/debit memos, e.g., G2/L2).

What is the difference between a Credit Memo and a Debit Memo in SD billing?

A Credit Memo (G2, from credit memo request CR) reduces the amount the customer owes (credits the customer). A Debit Memo (L2, from debit memo request DR) increases the amount the customer owes (e.g., undercharge correction).

What is an Invoice List in SAP SD?

An Invoice List (LR/LG) combines several individual billing documents into a single list sent to a payer (often for a central payer or factoring), and can trigger factoring discounts. It groups invoices for consolidated presentation/payment.

What is the purpose of "Copy Control" in SAP SD?

Copy Control (at header, item, and schedule line level) defines how and whether data is copied from a source document to a target document (e.g., quotation to order, delivery to billing), including copying requirements, data transfer routines, and quantity/value updates.

Describe the four steps/documents of the Consignment cycle in SAP SD.

1) Consignment Fill-Up (KB) — move stock to customer's premises (still your ownership); 2) Consignment Issue (KE) — customer consumes stock, billing occurs; 3) Consignment Return (KR) — customer returns consumed goods; 4) Consignment Pick-Up (KA) — retrieve unsold stock back to plant.

In consignment, at which step does the customer get billed and revenue recognized?

At the Consignment Issue (KE) step—when the customer withdraws/consumes goods from consignment stock—since that is when ownership transfers and the sale occurs. Fill-up (KB) has no billing.

What is Third-Party Order Processing in SAP SD?

A process where the vendor ships goods directly to the customer instead of your company. The sales order (item category TAS) automatically creates a purchase requisition; a PO is placed on the vendor, and billing to the customer is based on the vendor's invoice receipt (or goods receipt).

Which item category and schedule line category signal a third-party item, and what document is auto-created?

Item category TAS (schedule line category CS). It automatically triggers a Purchase Requisition, which is converted to a Purchase Order to the external vendor who delivers directly to the customer.

What is Intercompany Sales in SAP SD?

Intercompany sales occur when the selling sales organization belongs to one company code but the delivering plant belongs to another company code. The customer is billed by the selling company, and an intercompany invoice (IV) is created from the delivering company to the selling company.

In intercompany sales, which two billing documents are generated and between which parties?

1) Customer invoice (F2) from the selling company code to the end customer; 2) Intercompany invoice (IV) from the delivering company code to the selling company code (using condition type PI01/PI02 for internal price).

What is Revenue Account Determination in SAP SD and what technique does it use?

It automatically determines the correct G/L revenue accounts for billing postings using the condition technique (condition type KOFI/KOFK, access sequence, and tables). Key criteria typically include Chart of Accounts, Sales Org, Account Assignment Group (customer and material), and Account Key.

List the five standard criteria commonly used in the SD revenue account determination access.

Application (V), Chart of Accounts, Sales Organization, Account Assignment Group of the Customer (payer), Account Assignment Group of the Material, and the Account Key (from the pricing procedure).

What is the role of the "Account Key" (e.g., ERL, ERS, MWS) in account determination?

The Account Key is assigned to condition types in the pricing procedure and groups them for posting to specific accounts: ERL = revenue, ERS = sales deductions/discounts, MWS = output tax, ERF = freight.

What are the two main methods of Credit Management in SAP SD?

Simple Credit Check (at order level only) and Automatic Credit Control (FD32 / credit control area, with static and dynamic checks). Modern S/4HANA uses SAP Credit Management (FSCM, transaction UKM*).

Distinguish the Static from the Dynamic credit check in automatic credit control.

Static check compares total open items (open orders + deliveries + billing + receivables) against the credit limit. Dynamic check compares the credit exposure against the limit but only considers open orders within a defined horizon period (time-phased).

What is a "Credit Control Area" and how does it relate to company codes?

A Credit Control Area is the organizational unit that sets and monitors a customer's credit limit. One credit control area can be assigned to multiple company codes (centralized credit), but a company code is assigned to exactly one credit control area.

What three reactions can a credit check trigger when the limit is exceeded?

Warning (message but document saved), Error (document cannot be saved), or Block (document saved but blocked for delivery/further processing, released via VKM1/VKM3). Configured in the risk category / credit group settings.

What is Output Determination in SAP SD?

Output determination controls the issuing of documents/messages to business partners (order confirmations, delivery notes, invoices) via print, EDI, email, or fax. It uses the condition technique with output types (e.g., BA00 order confirmation, LD00 delivery note, RD00 invoice).

In output determination, what does the "transmission medium" specify and give examples?

It specifies how the output is sent. Examples: 1 = Print output, 2 = Fax, 5 = External send (email), 6 = EDI, 8 = special function. It is set in the output condition record along with timing and partner function.

What is Text Determination in SAP SD?

Text determination controls which texts (e.g., sales notes, delivery instructions, packing instructions, terms) appear on master data and documents. It uses a Text Determination Procedure containing Text IDs, assigned via the text object (customer, sales header, sales item).

What is a "Text ID" and "Text Object" in SD text determination?

A Text Object identifies where the text is stored (e.g., KNA1 customer, VBBK sales header, VBBP sales item). A Text ID is a specific text type within that object (e.g., form header text, shipping instruction). Access sequences allow texts to be copied/referenced from master data into documents.

Name three standard SD sales reports and what they show.

VA05 (List of Sales Orders), VF05 (List of Billing Documents), VL06O (Outbound Delivery Monitor). The SD Information System (SIS) via MCTA/MCTE/MCTC provides analyses by customer, material, and sales organization.

What is the SAP Sales Information System (SIS) and what are info structures?

SIS is part of the Logistics Information System (LIS) for standard sales analyses. Info Structures (e.g., S001 customer, S002 sales office, S003 sales organization, S004 material, S005 shipping point) are statistical tables that aggregate key figures for reporting.

What technical options exist for building Custom Reports in SAP SD?

ABAP reports (SE38) using SD tables (VBAK/VBAP orders, LIKP/LIPS deliveries, VBRK/VBRP billing, KNA1/KNVV customers), SAP Query (SQ01/SQ02/SQ03), Quick Viewer (SQVI), ALV grid output, and custom LIS info structures for aggregated analytics.

Which SD database tables store sales order, delivery, and billing header/item data?

Sales order: VBAK (header) / VBAP (item); Delivery: LIKP (header) / LIPS (item); Billing: VBRK (header) / VBRP (item). Document flow linking these is stored in VBFA.

What is the formula for Net Value of a sales item after discounts and before tax, and Profit Margin?

Net value: $\text{Net} = \text{Price} \times \text{Qty} - \sum \text{Discounts} + \sum \text{Surcharges}$. Profit margin: $\text{Margin} = \text{Net Value} - \text{Cost (VPRS)}$, often as a percentage $\frac{\text{Net} - \text{Cost}}{\text{Net}} \times 100\%$.