Examius

🇮🇳 NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) · subject

NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) Physics Syllabus

The Physics syllabus for NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) in full: 4 chapters, 13 topics and 35 sub-topics, every one listed below, plus 50 Physics flashcards with answers.

4Chapters
13Topics
35Sub-topics
50Flashcards

Physics syllabus: all 4 chapters

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.

  1. Electrostatics and Current Electricity

     3 topics
    • Electric Charges and Fields
      • Coulomb's law and superposition of forces
      • Electric field, field lines and dipole field
      • Gauss's theorem and applications to wire, sheet and shell
    • Electric Potential and Capacitance
      • Potential due to point charge and dipole
      • Capacitance, parallel plate capacitor with dielectric
      • Capacitors in series and parallel; energy stored
    • Current Electricity
      • Ohm's law, drift velocity, resistivity and its temperature dependence
      • Kirchhoff's laws and Wheatstone bridge
      • Potentiometer: comparison of EMF and internal resistance

  2. Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

     4 topics
    • Moving Charges and Magnetism
      • Biot-Savart law and Ampere's circuital law
      • Force on a moving charge and current-carrying conductor
      • Moving coil galvanometer; conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
    • Magnetism and Matter
      • Bar magnet as a magnetic dipole; magnetic field lines
      • Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances
    • Electromagnetic Induction
      • Faraday's laws and Lenz's law
      • Self and mutual inductance; eddy currents
    • Alternating Current
      • AC through R, L, C and series LCR circuit
      • Resonance, power factor and wattless current
      • Transformer and AC generator

  3. Electromagnetic Waves and Optics

     3 topics
    • Electromagnetic Waves
      • Displacement current and nature of EM waves
      • Electromagnetic spectrum and its uses
    • Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
      • Reflection, refraction and total internal reflection
      • Lens maker's formula and lens combinations
      • Prism, dispersion; microscope and telescope
    • Wave Optics
      • Huygens' principle and wavefronts
      • Young's double slit experiment and interference
      • Diffraction at a single slit; resolving power

  4. Modern Physics and Electronics

     3 topics
    • Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
      • Photoelectric effect and Einstein's equation
      • de Broglie wavelength and Davisson-Germer experiment
    • Atoms and Nuclei
      • Bohr model and hydrogen spectrum
      • Nuclear binding energy and mass defect
      • Radioactivity, half-life; fission and fusion
    • Semiconductor Electronics
      • Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n junction
      • Diode as rectifier; Zener diode as voltage regulator
      • Logic gates and their truth tables

NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) Physics flashcards — 50 questions with answers

  1. State Coulomb's law and give the expression for the force between two point charges in vacuum.

    The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. F = (1/4πε₀)(q₁q₂/r²), where 1/4πε₀ = 9×10⁹ N·m²/C².

  2. Define electric field intensity and state its SI unit.

    Electric field intensity at a point is the force experienced per unit positive test charge placed at that point: E = F/q. SI unit: newton per coulomb (N/C) or volt per metre (V/m).

  3. State Gauss's law.

    The total electric flux through a closed surface equals 1/ε₀ times the net charge enclosed: Φ = ∮E·dA = q_enclosed/ε₀.

  4. What is the electric field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire of linear charge density λ?

    E = λ/(2πε₀r), directed radially, where r is the perpendicular distance from the wire.

  5. What is the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet of surface charge density σ?

    E = σ/(2ε₀), directed perpendicular to the sheet and independent of distance from it.

  6. Define electric dipole moment and give its direction.

    Electric dipole moment p = q × 2a, where 2a is the separation between charges +q and −q. It is a vector directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. SI unit: coulomb·metre (C·m).

  7. What is the torque on an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field?

    τ = pE sinθ, or in vector form τ = p × E, where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the field.

  8. Define electric potential at a point.

    Electric potential at a point is the work done per unit positive charge in bringing it from infinity to that point. V = W/q. SI unit: volt (V) = joule/coulomb.

  9. Give the expression for electric potential due to a point charge q at distance r.

    V = (1/4πε₀)(q/r).

  10. What is the relation between electric field and electric potential?

    E = −dV/dr; the electric field is the negative gradient of potential. Field points in the direction of decreasing potential.

  11. Define capacitance and give its SI unit.

    Capacitance is the ratio of charge stored to the potential difference across a conductor: C = Q/V. SI unit: farad (F) = coulomb/volt.

  12. Give the formula for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric of constant K.

    C = Kε₀A/d, where A is plate area, d is separation, and K is the dielectric constant (K = 1 for vacuum).

  13. Give the equivalent capacitance for capacitors in series and in parallel.

    Series: 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ... Parallel: C = C₁ + C₂ + ...

  14. What is the energy stored in a charged capacitor?

    U = ½CV² = ½QV = Q²/(2C).

  15. State Ohm's law and define resistance.

    Ohm's law: at constant temperature, V = IR; current is proportional to potential difference. Resistance R = V/I, SI unit ohm (Ω).

  16. Give the formula for resistance in terms of resistivity.

    R = ρL/A, where ρ is resistivity, L is length, and A is cross-sectional area of the conductor.

  17. What is drift velocity and how is it related to current?

    Drift velocity is the average velocity of free electrons under an applied field. I = neAv_d, where n is electron density, e the charge, A the area, and v_d the drift velocity.

  18. State Kirchhoff's two laws for electrical circuits.

    Junction rule (KCL): the sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum leaving (conservation of charge). Loop rule (KVL): the algebraic sum of potential differences around any closed loop is zero (conservation of energy).

  19. What is the condition for a balanced Wheatstone bridge?

    The bridge is balanced (no galvanometer current) when P/Q = R/S, where P, Q, R, S are the four resistances in the arms.

  20. How does the resistivity of a conductor and a semiconductor vary with temperature?

    For conductors, resistivity increases with temperature (positive temperature coefficient). For semiconductors, resistivity decreases with rising temperature (negative temperature coefficient).

Show the other 30 Physics flashcards

  1. State the Biot-Savart law.

    The magnetic field due to a current element is dB = (μ₀/4π)(I dl sinθ)/r², directed perpendicular to the plane containing dl and r. μ₀/4π = 10⁻⁷ T·m/A.

  2. What is the magnetic field at the centre of a circular current loop of radius R?

    B = μ₀I/(2R) at the centre, where I is the current and R the radius.

  3. State Ampere's circuital law.

    The line integral of magnetic field around a closed loop equals μ₀ times the total current enclosed: ∮B·dl = μ₀I_enclosed.

  4. Give the magnetic field inside a long solenoid.

    B = μ₀nI, where n is the number of turns per unit length and I is the current. The field is uniform and directed along the axis.

  5. What is the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field (Lorentz force)?

    F = qv × B = qvB sinθ. The total Lorentz force including the electric field is F = q(E + v × B).

  6. What is the force per unit length between two parallel current-carrying conductors?

    F/L = μ₀I₁I₂/(2πd). Currents in the same direction attract; opposite directions repel.

  7. How does a moving coil galvanometer work, and what is current sensitivity?

    A current-carrying coil in a radial magnetic field experiences a torque proportional to current, deflecting against a spring. Current sensitivity = deflection per unit current = NAB/k.

  8. How is a galvanometer converted into an ammeter and into a voltmeter?

    Ammeter: connect a low resistance (shunt) in parallel. Voltmeter: connect a high resistance in series with the galvanometer.

  9. Define magnetic dipole moment of a current loop.

    m = NIA, where N is number of turns, I the current, and A the loop area. It is a vector perpendicular to the plane of the loop. SI unit: A·m².

  10. Compare diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials.

    Diamagnetic: weakly repelled, susceptibility small and negative. Paramagnetic: weakly attracted, small positive susceptibility. Ferromagnetic: strongly attracted, large positive susceptibility, shows hysteresis and retains magnetism.

  11. Define magnetic susceptibility and relative permeability, and relate them.

    Susceptibility χ = M/H (ratio of magnetisation to magnetising field). Relative permeability μ_r = 1 + χ; also B = μ₀(H + M).

  12. What is the Curie law for paramagnetic materials?

    Magnetisation is directly proportional to applied field and inversely proportional to absolute temperature: M = C(B/T), where C is Curie's constant.

  13. State Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.

    First law: an EMF is induced when magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes. Second law: the magnitude of induced EMF equals the rate of change of flux, ε = −dΦ/dt.

  14. State Lenz's law and what conservation principle it expresses.

    The induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it (hence the minus sign in Faraday's law). It is a consequence of conservation of energy.

  15. Define self-inductance and give the EMF expression.

    Self-inductance L is the flux linkage per unit current (Φ = LI). Induced EMF ε = −L(dI/dt). SI unit: henry (H).

  16. What is mutual inductance?

    Mutual inductance M relates the EMF induced in one coil to the rate of change of current in a neighbouring coil: ε₂ = −M(dI₁/dt). SI unit: henry (H).

  17. What is the RMS value of an alternating current and its relation to peak value?

    RMS (root-mean-square) is the equivalent DC value producing the same heating effect. For sinusoidal AC, I_rms = I₀/√2 ≈ 0.707 I₀.

  18. Define inductive reactance and capacitive reactance.

    Inductive reactance X_L = ωL = 2πfL. Capacitive reactance X_C = 1/(ωC) = 1/(2πfC). Both measured in ohms.

  19. Give the impedance of a series LCR circuit.

    Z = √(R² + (X_L − X_C)²), where X_L = ωL and X_C = 1/ωC.

  20. State the condition for resonance in a series LCR circuit and the resonant frequency.

    Resonance occurs when X_L = X_C, giving minimum impedance Z = R. Resonant frequency f₀ = 1/(2π√(LC)).

  21. Define power factor in an AC circuit.

    Power factor = cosφ = R/Z, the ratio of true power to apparent power. Average power P = V_rms·I_rms·cosφ.

  22. What is the order of frequency and wavelength arrangement of the electromagnetic spectrum?

    In order of increasing frequency (decreasing wavelength): radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays.

  23. What is displacement current and which equation introduced it?

    Displacement current I_d = ε₀(dΦ_E/dt) arises from a changing electric field. Maxwell added it to Ampère's law to make it consistent for charging capacitors.

  24. Give the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum in terms of ε₀ and μ₀.

    c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀) ≈ 3×10⁸ m/s. EM waves are transverse with E and B perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.

  25. State the laws of reflection and Snell's law of refraction.

    Reflection: angle of incidence equals angle of reflection; incident ray, reflected ray and normal lie in one plane. Snell's law: n₁sini = n₂sinr, or refractive index n = sini/sinr.

  26. Give the mirror formula and the lens formula.

    Mirror: 1/v + 1/u = 1/f. Lens: 1/v − 1/u = 1/f. Magnification: mirror m = −v/u; lens m = v/u.

  27. What is the critical angle and the condition for total internal reflection?

    Critical angle C is the angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the refraction angle is 90°; sinC = 1/n. TIR occurs when light travels from a denser to a rarer medium and the incidence angle exceeds C.

  28. State the lensmaker's formula.

    1/f = (n − 1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂), where n is refractive index of the lens material and R₁, R₂ are the radii of curvature of the two surfaces.

  29. State Young's double slit fringe width formula and the condition for bright fringes.

    Fringe width β = λD/d, where D is slit-to-screen distance and d the slit separation. Bright fringes (constructive): path difference = nλ; dark fringes: (n+½)λ.

  30. What does the photoelectric effect's Einstein equation state, and what is the work function?

    E = hν = φ + K_max, i.e., hν = φ + ½mv²_max. Work function φ is the minimum energy needed to eject an electron from the metal surface; threshold frequency ν₀ = φ/h.

NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) Physics FAQ

What is in the NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) Physics syllabus?

NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) Physics is split into 4 chapters: Electrostatics and Current Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction, Electromagnetic Waves and Optics and Modern Physics and Electronics. Together they contain 13 topics and 35 sub-topics.

How many chapters are in NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) Physics?

4 chapters, containing 13 topics and 35 sub-topics. The largest chapter is Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction, with 4 topics.

Are there flashcards for NEET / State Class 12 Board (e.g. ISC) Physics?

Yes — a 50-card Physics deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.