ETEA Medical Test English Syllabus

What is a preposition? Give examples of types.

A preposition shows the relationship of a noun/pronoun to another word. Types: place (in, on, at), time (before, during, since), and direction (to, into, towards).

What is the difference between 'in', 'on', and 'at' for time?

'At' for precise times (at 5 pm), 'on' for days/dates (on Monday), and 'in' for months, years, and longer periods (in May, in 2020).

In sentence correction, what error is in 'He is more taller than me'?

Double comparative. 'More' and '-er' cannot be used together; correct to 'He is taller than I/me'.

In sentence correction, what is wrong with 'One of the boys are absent'?

Subject-verb agreement error. The subject is 'One' (singular), so it should be 'One of the boys is absent'.

Correct the error: 'I have visited Paris last year.'

Present perfect cannot be used with a finished past time marker. Use simple past: 'I visited Paris last year.'

What common error appears in 'She did not went to school'?

After the auxiliary 'did', the main verb must be in the base form: 'She did not go to school.'

In sentence completion questions, what should you analyze to find the right word?

Identify context clues, the logical relationship (contrast, cause-effect, continuation) signaled by transition words, and the tone, then pick the word that fits grammatically and in meaning.

What transition words signal a contrast relationship in sentence completion?

However, but, although, yet, nevertheless, despite, in spite of, on the contrary, and whereas.

What is direct speech versus indirect (reported) speech?

Direct speech quotes the exact words within quotation marks (He said, 'I am tired'). Indirect speech reports the meaning without quotes (He said that he was tired).

How do tenses shift (backshift) when changing direct to indirect speech?

Present simple to past simple, present continuous to past continuous, present perfect to past perfect, past simple to past perfect, and will to would.

In reported speech, how do 'now', 'today', and 'tomorrow' change?

Now to then, today to that day, tomorrow to the next day/the following day, yesterday to the previous day/the day before, and here to there.

How is a direct question reported in indirect speech?

Use 'asked' with no question mark and statement word order. Yes/no questions use 'if/whether'; wh-questions keep the wh-word (He asked where I was going).

How are imperatives (commands/requests) changed to reported speech?

Use a reporting verb like told/ordered/requested/advised + object + to-infinitive (He told me to sit down; She requested him not to smoke).

What is the difference between active and passive voice?

In active voice the subject performs the action (The cat caught the mouse). In passive voice the subject receives the action (The mouse was caught by the cat).

What is the general rule for converting active to passive voice?

The object becomes the subject, use the correct form of 'be' + past participle of the main verb, and the original subject becomes the agent introduced by 'by' (often optional).

How is a present simple sentence made passive? Give the formula.

Active: Subject + verb(s/es) + object. Passive: Object + is/am/are + past participle + by + subject (They make cars -> Cars are made).

How is a past simple sentence made passive?

Use was/were + past participle (He wrote a letter -> A letter was written by him).

How is a present perfect sentence made passive?

Use has/have been + past participle (She has finished the work -> The work has been finished by her).

How is a modal verb sentence (e.g., 'can do') made passive?

Use modal + be + past participle (You can solve it -> It can be solved by you).

What is a synonym? Give a synonym for 'abundant'.

A synonym is a word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another. A synonym for 'abundant' is plentiful (also ample, copious).

Give a synonym for the word 'benevolent'.

Kind (also kindhearted, generous, charitable, compassionate).

Give a synonym for the word 'candid'.

Frank (also honest, straightforward, open, blunt).

What is an antonym? Give the antonym of 'optimistic'.

An antonym is a word opposite in meaning to another. The antonym of 'optimistic' is pessimistic.

Give the antonym of the word 'transparent'.

Opaque.

Give the antonym of the word 'condemn'.

Praise (also approve, commend, applaud).

What is a verbal analogy, and what is the first step in solving one?

An analogy tests the logical relationship between a pair of words. The first step is to identify the exact relationship in the given pair, then apply that same relationship to the answer choices.

In the analogy Hand : Glove :: Foot : ?, what is the answer and the relationship?

Sock. The relationship is 'object : the covering worn over it'.

In the analogy Doctor : Hospital :: Teacher : ?, what is the answer?

School. The relationship is 'professional : place of work'.

What is 'one word substitution'? Give the term for 'a person who knows many languages'.

One word substitution replaces a phrase with a single precise word. A person who knows many languages is a polyglot.

What single word means 'a doctor who treats children'?

Pediatrician.

What single word means 'a person who eats only plant-based food / no meat'?

Vegetarian (a person who eats no flesh; one eating no animal products at all is a vegan).

What single word means 'a government run by a few people'?

Oligarchy.

What single word means 'words written on a tomb / in memory of a buried person'?

Epitaph.

What single word means 'one who studies the weather'?

Meteorologist.