CSEET Current Affairs Syllabus

What is carbon neutrality (net-zero)?

A state where the amount of greenhouse gases emitted is balanced by an equivalent amount removed or offset, resulting in no net addition to the atmosphere.

What is biodiversity?

The variety of all living organisms—plants, animals, and microorganisms—within ecosystems, including diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.

What is the main goal of the Paris Agreement (2015)?

To limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels through nationally determined emission-reduction commitments.

What is renewable energy? Give examples.

Energy from naturally replenished sources that do not deplete, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy.

What is meant by 'global economic trends'?

Broad patterns and movements in the world economy, such as globalization, trade flows, exchange-rate shifts, recessions, and changing growth among regions.

What is globalization?

The process of increasing interconnection and integration of economies, cultures, and populations across the world through trade, technology, and investment.

What is the difference between a trade surplus and a trade deficit?

A trade surplus occurs when exports exceed imports, while a trade deficit occurs when imports exceed exports.

What is foreign direct investment (FDI)?

Investment made by a firm or individual of one country into business interests located in another country, typically through ownership or controlling stake.

What is the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

To promote global monetary cooperation, ensure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and provide financial assistance to countries facing balance-of-payments problems.

What is the primary function of the World Bank?

To provide loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing countries for development projects aimed at reducing poverty.

What is the main purpose of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

To regulate and facilitate international trade by administering trade agreements, settling disputes, and promoting free and fair trade among member nations.

What does the United Nations (UN) primarily aim to do?

To maintain international peace and security, promote human rights, foster social and economic development, and provide humanitarian aid worldwide.

Name the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China (the P5), each holding veto power.

What is the purpose of the World Health Organization (WHO)?

To direct and coordinate international health within the UN system, set health standards, and respond to global health emergencies.

What is the BRICS grouping?

An association of major emerging economies—originally Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—cooperating on economic and political issues.

What is the G20?

An international forum of 19 countries, the European Union, and the African Union representing major economies, focused on global economic and financial cooperation.

What are 'global social issues'?

Problems that transcend national borders and affect populations worldwide, such as poverty, hunger, migration, human trafficking, and inequality.

What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

A set of 17 global goals adopted by the UN in 2015 to be achieved by 2030, addressing poverty, hunger, health, education, equality, and environmental sustainability.

What is sustainable development?

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

What is deforestation and one major consequence?

Deforestation is the large-scale clearing of forests; a major consequence is increased carbon dioxide levels and loss of biodiversity and habitats.

What is the difference between global warming and climate change?

Global warming refers specifically to the rise in Earth's average temperature, while climate change is the broader set of long-term changes in weather patterns and climate systems.

How often are the Summer Olympic Games held, and which body organizes them?

Every four years, organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

Which body governs international football and organizes the FIFA World Cup?

FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association); the World Cup is held every four years.

What are the Paralympic Games?

An international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities, held shortly after the Olympic Games in the same host city.

What is the Nobel Prize and how many categories are awarded?

An international award recognizing outstanding contributions; awarded in six categories—Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

What is the highest civilian award of India?

The Bharat Ratna, awarded for exceptional service in any field of human endeavour.

What is the difference between the Bharat Ratna and the Padma awards?

Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honour for exceptional service, while Padma awards (Vibhushan, Bhushan, Shri) recognize distinguished service in descending order of rank.

What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

The simulation of human intelligence by machines, enabling them to perform tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

What is the difference between AI, machine learning, and deep learning?

AI is the broad field of intelligent machines; machine learning is a subset where systems learn from data; deep learning is a further subset using multi-layered neural networks.

What was the significance of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission?

It made India the first country to land near the Moon's south pole and the fourth country to achieve a soft lunar landing.

What is the difference between an orbiter, a lander, and a rover in a space mission?

An orbiter circles a celestial body from space, a lander touches down on its surface, and a rover moves across the surface to explore and collect data.