AIAPGET Ayurveda Rog Nidan Syllabus

In Dashavidha Pariksha, what does 'Sara' assess?

Sara assesses the qualitative excellence/essence of the seven dhatus (tissues) — e.g., Twak sara, Rakta sara, Mamsa sara — indicating the best tissue quality and overall vitality.

What is 'Prakriti' in the context of patient examination?

Prakriti is the individual's constitutional dosha makeup determined at conception (vata, pitta, kapha or combinations), which guides understanding of susceptibility, symptoms, and treatment.

What is 'Nadi Pariksha'?

Nadi Pariksha is pulse diagnosis — assessment of the dosha state, dhatus, and health by feeling the arterial pulse (nadi), typically at the radial artery.

Which artery and which fingers are classically used for Nadi Pariksha?

The radial artery at the wrist (base of the thumb) is examined using three fingers — index, middle and ring fingers placed in sequence.

Which dosha is felt under each of the three fingers in Nadi Pariksha?

The index finger (nearest the thumb) feels Vata, the middle finger feels Pitta, and the ring finger feels Kapha.

What movement characterizes the Vata pulse in Nadi Pariksha?

The Vata pulse is irregular, feeble, fast and slithering — classically compared to the movement of a serpent (sarpa gati).

What movement characterizes the Pitta pulse?

The Pitta pulse is jumping, prominent, forceful and moderately fast — classically compared to the hopping of a frog or leaping of a crow (manduka/kaka gati).

What movement characterizes the Kapha pulse?

The Kapha pulse is slow, broad, steady, regular and strong — classically compared to the gliding gait of a swan or pigeon (hamsa/kapota gati).

According to classical texts, on which hand is the pulse preferably examined in males and females?

The pulse is classically examined on the right hand in males and the left hand in females.

List three conditions under which Nadi Pariksha should NOT be performed for accurate results.

It should be avoided immediately after eating, after exercise/exertion, after bathing, after sun/heat exposure, after sexual activity, when hungry, or under strong emotions — as these alter the pulse. (Best done in the morning on an empty stomach.)

In which classical text is Nadi Pariksha elaborated, and is it part of the original Brihat Trayi?

Nadi Pariksha is detailed in later texts such as Sharangadhara Samhita, Yogaratnakara and Bhavaprakasha; it is NOT described in the original Brihat Trayi (Charaka, Sushruta, Vagbhata) and is a later addition to Ayurvedic diagnosis.

What does a very fast, thready pulse generally indicate regarding agni and prognosis?

A fast, thin, feeble pulse generally indicates aggravated vata, weak agni and poor strength (durbalata), often a sign of a serious or unfavorable condition.

What is 'Mutra Pariksha'?

Mutra Pariksha is examination of urine — assessment of its color, smell, consistency, quantity and special tests to diagnose dosha imbalance and disease.

How should a urine sample be collected for classical Mutra Pariksha?

The first morning, midstream urine is collected in a clean glass/transparent vessel, ideally before sunrise after discarding the initial flow, and examined in daylight.

What is the 'Taila Bindu Pariksha' (oil-drop test) in urine examination?

A drop of sesame (til) oil is dropped onto the surface of the urine and its spreading pattern is observed; the way it spreads, sinks or forms shapes helps assess the dosha involved and the prognosis (sadhya/asadhya).

In Taila Bindu Pariksha, what does it indicate if the oil drop spreads quickly/easily on the urine?

If the oil drop spreads easily and quickly over the urine surface, the disease is considered Sadhya (curable) with good prognosis.

In Taila Bindu Pariksha, what does it indicate if the oil drop sinks?

If the oil drop sinks into the urine, the disease is considered Asadhya (incurable) with poor prognosis.

In Taila Bindu Pariksha, how does the direction of oil-drop spread relate to prognosis?

Spread toward the east or north is auspicious (curable); spread toward the south or west, or breaking into bubbles/scattering, indicates a poor/difficult prognosis.

What does the oil-drop SHAPE indicate about the dosha in Taila Bindu Pariksha?

A wavy/snake-like spread suggests Vata, an umbrella or sieve-like spread suggests Pitta, and a pearl-like or scattered shape suggests Kapha vitiation.

What are the characteristic colors of urine in vata, pitta and kapha vitiation?

Vata: pale/aruna (slightly red-yellow) or whitish and dry; Pitta: deep yellow/red or blue (raktapitta); Kapha: whitish, turbid, frothy and viscous.

What does dark red or blackish urine generally indicate in Mutra Pariksha?

Dark red urine suggests rakta (blood) involvement or pitta vitiation; blackish urine indicates a severe condition, often sannipata (tridosha) or poor prognosis.

What is 'Mala Pariksha'?

Mala Pariksha is examination of the stool/feces — assessing color, consistency, odor, whether it floats or sinks, and presence of ama, to determine dosha imbalance and digestive status.

What are the stool characteristics in vata, pitta and kapha disturbance?

Vata: dry, hard, scanty, blackish, with gas, breaks into small pieces; Pitta: loose, yellow/green, hot, foul-smelling, sometimes with burning; Kapha: sticky, slimy/mucoid, whitish, heavy with mucus.

How is 'Ama mala' distinguished from 'Nirama (pakwa) mala' in stool examination?

Ama (undigested) stool is foul-smelling, sticky, heavy and SINKS in water, indicating poor digestion (mandagni); Nirama/pakwa (properly digested) stool is well-formed, less malodorous and FLOATS in water, indicating good agni.

What does it signify when stool sinks in water versus floats?

Sinking stool indicates ama (undigested food, impaired agni); floating stool indicates proper digestion (nirama) and balanced agni.

What does the presence of mucus (picchila) and blood in stool indicate?

Mucus indicates kapha/ama involvement (e.g., grahani/atisara with ama); blood (rakta) in stool indicates pitta vitiation or conditions like raktatisara or arsha (hemorrhoids).

What is 'Sama' versus 'Nirama' state, and why is it important in diagnosis and treatment?

Sama is the condition where doshas are associated with ama (toxins from impaired digestion); Nirama is without ama. It is crucial because samadosha requires deepana-pachana (digestive/ama-clearing therapy) first, before shodhana, whereas niramadosha can be directly eliminated.

What is the relationship between 'Agni' and disease causation in Rog Nidan?

Agni (digestive fire) is central — its impairment (especially mandagni) leads to formation of ama (undigested toxin), which is the root cause of most diseases; 'Roga sarvepi mandagnau' means almost all diseases originate from weak agni.

What are the four states of Agni and which one is normal?

Samagni (balanced/normal — the ideal state), Vishamagni (irregular, due to vata), Tikshnagni (excessively sharp, due to pitta), and Mandagni (weak/slow, due to kapha).