AIAPGET Ayurveda Kayachikitsa Syllabus

What is the concept of 'Rasayana' in prevention?

Rasayana is rejuvenation therapy that promotes optimal dhatu quality, immunity (vyadhikshamatva), longevity, and prevents ageing and disease.

What is 'Vyadhikshamatva' and its significance?

Vyadhikshamatva is the body's resistance/immunity to disease — capacity to prevent disease occurrence and to resist its progression; bala (ojas) is its substrate.

What are the 'Sadvritta' and its role?

Sadvritta is the code of good ethical and social conduct (mental and behavioral regimen) that maintains mental health and prevents psychosomatic disorders.

Name the three 'Upastambha' (sub-pillars) supporting life and health.

Ahara (food), Nidra (sleep), and Brahmacharya (regulated sexual conduct) — proper use of these maintains health.

What is the concept of 'Vegadharana' relevant to prevention?

Suppression of natural urges (adharaniya vega) causes disease; their non-suppression and avoidance of forcing urges (dharaniya vega for emotions) is preventive.

Define Jwara according to Ayurveda.

Jwara is the disease characterized by santapa (rise of body temperature) along with obstruction of sweat, body ache, and malaise; considered the lord of all diseases (rogapati), born of Pitta predominantly from the Rasa dhatu.

From which dhatu and srotas does Jwara originate, and which dosha is dominant?

Jwara originates in the Amashaya, vitiates Rasa dhatu, and Pitta is the predominant dosha (associated with agni).

What is the cardinal feature distinguishing Jwara?

Sweda avarodha (obstruction of sweating), santapa (rise of temperature), and sarvanga-graha (whole-body stiffness/ache) occurring together.

How many types of Jwara are described (classifications)?

Classically 8 types: Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, and their dwandwaja (3), Sannipataja (1), and Agantuja — totaling 8; further classified as Saumya/Aagneya, Prakrita/Vaikrita, Sharirika/Manasika.

What is 'Ama Jwara' (Sama Jwara) and its key management principle?

Jwara with undigested ama (toxins); managed initially with Langhana (fasting), Pachana, and avoidance of Snehana — never give heavy/oily food or purgation in ama stage.

What is the first-line treatment in newly developed (taruna/nava) Jwara?

Langhana (fasting/lightening therapy) — to kindle agni and digest ama; food is contraindicated until ama is digested (laghu pathya like peya later).

What is the rationale for 'Langhana' being prime in early Jwara?

Early Jwara is sama (with ama) and agni is impaired; Langhana digests ama, restores agni, and reduces aggravated doshas without obstructing the digestive fire.

What is the use of 'Shadanga Paniya' in Jwara?

Shadanga Paniya (water boiled with Musta, Parpataka, Usheera, Chandana, Udichya, Nagara) is given as a thirst-quenching, jwaraghna, deepana-pachana drink in Jwara.

When is 'Tikta Rasa' / Tikta dravya indicated in Jwara, and why?

In Jirna (chronic) Jwara after ama digestion; bitter drugs (e.g., Guduchi, Patola) are deepana-pachana, jwaraghna, and pacify Pitta-Kapha (Tiktam jwaraghnam).

What is 'Vishama Jwara' and name its types.

Irregular/intermittent fever; types: Santata, Satata, Anyedyushka, Tritiyaka (tertian), and Chaturthaka (quartan) — based on periodicity of recurrence.

Differentiate Tritiyaka and Chaturthaka Jwara.

Tritiyaka recurs every third day (tertian, often Pittaja/Kapha-Vata); Chaturthaka recurs every fourth day (quartan, often Vata-Kapha/Kapha-Vata).

Why is Snehana (oleation) contraindicated in early Jwara?

Because early Jwara is sama (ama present) with weak agni; snehana increases ama, obstructs srotas, and aggravates the fever — it is used only later in nirama vata-predominant chronic stage.

What is the role of Guduchi (Tinospora) in Jwara?

Guduchi is a chief jwaraghna and rasayana drug — deepana, pachana, tridoshahara (especially Pitta-Kapha), and useful in both ama and nirama as well as jirna Jwara.

What is 'Jirna Jwara' management in brief?

Chronic fever (after ~7 days, nirama): managed with deepana-pachana, tikta drugs, snehapana if vata-predominant, mridu shodhana, ksheera/dugdha pana, and rasayana.

Define Kasa (cough) in Ayurveda.

Kasa is a disease in which vitiated Vata moves upward through the respiratory passages producing a sound like a broken bronze vessel (kamsya bhinna swara), expelling air with effort; primarily a Pranavaha/Udana vata disorder.

How many types of Kasa are described and name them.

Five types: Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Kshataja (traumatic/injury), and Kshayaja (consumptive/wasting).

Which dosha and vayu are central to all types of Kasa?

Vata (especially Udana vayu) moving in the urdhwa (upward) direction is central; though doshic types differ, vitiated Vata is the common factor in every Kasa.

Describe the features of Vataja Kasa.

Dry, continuous, paroxysmal cough with scanty/no sputum, chest and temporal pain, hoarse voice, weakness, and relief by warm/unctuous, sweet-sour-salt intake.

Describe the features of Kaphaja Kasa.

Cough with copious, thick, white sticky sputum expectorated easily, heaviness of head and chest, anorexia, nausea, and itching in throat; relief on expectoration.

Which two types of Kasa are considered the most serious / difficult to treat?

Kshataja (traumatic) and Kshayaja (consumptive) Kasa — they are severe; if neglected they progress to Rajayakshma and become incurable.

What is the general line of treatment for Vataja and Kshayaja Kasa?

Snigdha (oleating), brimhana (nourishing), vata-pacifying therapy — medicated ghee, milk, sweet/unctuous diet, rasayana — to nourish and pacify Vata.

What is the line of treatment for Kaphaja Kasa?

Ruksha (drying), ushna, tikshna, kapha-expelling measures — vamana, deepana-pachana, dhumapana, and kaphaghna drugs like Vasa, Kantakari, Pippali.

Name important single drugs (oushadha) used in Kasa.

Vasa (Adhatoda), Kantakari, Pippali, Yashtimadhu, Bharangi, Shunthi, Tulsi, Kulattha — well-known kasahara dravyas.

Define Shwasa (dyspnea/asthma) in Ayurveda.

Shwasa is a Pranavaha srotas disorder in which vitiated Vata and Kapha obstruct the respiratory passages causing difficult, labored, and noisy breathing; Tamaka Shwasa corresponds to bronchial asthma.

Name the five types of Shwasa.

Maha Shwasa, Urdhwa Shwasa, Chhinna Shwasa, Tamaka Shwasa, and Kshudra Shwasa.

Which doshas are responsible for Shwasa, and which srotas is affected?

Vata and Kapha (Pranavaha and Annavaha involvement) are responsible; the Pranavaha srotas (with Udana and Prana vata) is the chief seat.

Among the five Shwasa, which are sadhya (curable) and which are asadhya (incurable)?

Tamaka and Kshudra Shwasa are sadhya/yapya (curable/manageable); Maha, Urdhwa, and Chhinna Shwasa are asadhya (incurable, fatal).

What are the cardinal features of Tamaka Shwasa?

Paroxysmal wheezing dyspnea worsening with cold/cloudy weather and lying down, relieved by sitting up (sukha asina), warm things, and expectoration; ghurghuraka (wheeze) and tamas (darkening sensation) — equivalent to bronchial asthma.

What is 'Pratamaka Shwasa'?

A variant of Tamaka Shwasa associated with fever, fainting, and aggravation in udavarta/obstruction; aggravated by darkness and relieved by cold measures — a complicated form of Tamaka.

What is the principal line of treatment for Tamaka Shwasa?

Ushna, snigdha measures to break kapha-avarana and normalize vata: initial snehana-swedana, then Vamana to expel kapha, followed by kaphavatahara drugs, dhumapana, and warm light diet; avoid cold exposure.

Why is Swedana (sudation) important in Shwasa and Kasa treatment?

Swedana liquefies and mobilizes the obstructing Kapha in the chest, relieves srotorodha, and restores the normal (anuloma) movement of Vata, easing breathing and expectoration.

Name key drugs/formulations used in Shwasa.

Vasa, Kantakari, Bharangi, Pippali, Shunthi, Tulsi; formulations like Shwasa Kuthar Rasa, Kanakasava, Vasavaleha, Sitopaladi churna, and Talisadi churna.

What dietary/behavioral factor commonly triggers Tamaka Shwasa, and what is advised?

Exposure to cold (sheeta) wind/water, cloudy weather, dust, kapha-aggravating heavy foods, and lying flat trigger it; warm, light, ushna diet, avoiding cold and allergens, and sitting upright are advised.