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UGC NET Commerce Business Management and Human Resource Management Syllabus

The Business Management and Human Resource Management syllabus for UGC NET Commerce in full: 1 chapter, 10 topics and 22 sub-topics, every one listed below, plus 51 Business Management and Human Resource Management flashcards with answers.

1Chapters
10Topics
22Sub-topics
51Flashcards

Business Management and Human Resource Management syllabus: 1 chapter, 10 topics

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.

  1. Principles and functions of management

     10 topics
    • Organization structure
      • Formal organizations
      • Informal organizations
      • Span of control
    • Responsibility and authority
      • Delegation of authority
      • Decentralization
    • Motivation and leadership
      • Concept and theories
    • Corporate governance and business ethics
    • Human resource management
      • Concept, role and functions of HRM
      • Human resource planning
      • Recruitment and selection
      • Training and development
      • Succession planning
    • Compensation management
      • Job evaluation
      • Incentives and fringe benefits
    • Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal
    • Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
    • Personality
      • Perception
      • Attitudes
      • Emotions
      • Group dynamics
      • Power and politics
      • Conflict and negotiation
      • Stress management
    • Organizational Culture
      • Organizational development
      • Organizational change

UGC NET Commerce Business Management and Human Resource Management flashcards — 51 questions with answers

  1. What is organization structure?

    The formal system of task and authority relationships that defines how activities are divided, grouped, and coordinated within an organization to achieve its goals.

  2. Name the main types of organization structure.

    Line, Line-and-staff, Functional, Divisional, Matrix, and Project organization structures.

  3. What distinguishes a 'line' organization structure?

    Authority flows vertically in a direct, straight line from top to bottom; each subordinate reports to one superior (unity of command), with simple, clear scalar relationships.

  4. What is a matrix organization structure?

    A hybrid structure where employees report to both a functional manager and a project/product manager simultaneously, creating dual lines of authority.

  5. Differentiate between tall and flat organization structures.

    A tall structure has many hierarchical levels with a narrow span of control; a flat structure has few levels with a wide span of control.

  6. What is span of control (span of management)?

    The number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise and direct. A narrow span yields more levels; a wide span yields fewer levels.

  7. What is the difference between authority and responsibility?

    Authority is the legitimate right to give orders, make decisions, and command resources; responsibility is the obligation to perform assigned duties. Authority should be commensurate with responsibility (parity principle).

  8. What is delegation of authority?

    The process by which a manager assigns part of his authority and duties to a subordinate while remaining accountable. It involves assignment of responsibility, granting of authority, and creation of accountability.

  9. What is accountability and can it be delegated?

    Accountability is being answerable for the outcome of delegated tasks. Authority and responsibility can be delegated, but accountability cannot be delegated; the delegator remains ultimately answerable.

  10. Distinguish centralization from decentralization.

    Centralization concentrates decision-making authority at top levels; decentralization disperses authority systematically to lower/middle levels of management.

  11. What is the difference between line authority and staff authority?

    Line authority is the direct command relationship giving the right to direct subordinates; staff authority is advisory, supporting line managers with expertise and recommendations.

  12. What is motivation?

    The internal psychological process that initiates, energizes, directs, and sustains goal-directed behavior to satisfy needs.

  13. State the five needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs (lowest to highest).

    1) Physiological, 2) Safety/Security, 3) Social/Belongingness, 4) Esteem, 5) Self-actualization.

  14. What are the two factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

    Hygiene factors (e.g., pay, policy, working conditions) prevent dissatisfaction but don't motivate; Motivators (e.g., achievement, recognition, growth) produce satisfaction and motivation.

  15. What do Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor) assume about workers?

    Theory X assumes employees are lazy, avoid work, and need control/coercion; Theory Y assumes they are self-motivated, accept responsibility, and seek achievement.

  16. What three needs make up McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory?

    Need for Achievement (nAch), Need for Power (nPow), and Need for Affiliation (nAff).

  17. State Vroom's Expectancy Theory equation.

    Motivation (Force) = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence. Effort leads to performance (expectancy), performance leads to reward (instrumentality), and the value placed on reward (valence).

  18. What three categories form Alderfer's ERG Theory?

    Existence needs, Relatedness needs, and Growth needs.

  19. What is leadership?

    The process of influencing and inspiring people to willingly work toward the achievement of group or organizational goals.

  20. Name the three classic leadership styles identified by Kurt Lewin.

    Autocratic (authoritarian), Democratic (participative), and Laissez-faire (free-rein) styles.

Show the other 31 Business Management and Human Resource Management flashcards

  1. What are the two dimensions of the Managerial Grid (Blake and Mouton), and what is the ideal style?

    Concern for People and Concern for Production, each rated 1-9. The ideal is 9,9 'Team Management'.

  2. What are the four leadership styles in Hersey-Blanchard's Situational Leadership model?

    Telling (S1), Selling (S2), Participating (S3), and Delegating (S4) - matched to follower maturity/readiness.

  3. Differentiate transactional from transformational leadership.

    Transactional leadership motivates through rewards and punishments for compliance; transformational leadership inspires followers to transcend self-interest through vision, charisma, and intellectual stimulation.

  4. What is corporate governance?

    The system of rules, practices, structures, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled, balancing the interests of stakeholders such as shareholders, management, customers, and society.

  5. Which Indian committees are landmark in corporate governance reform?

    Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee (1999), Naresh Chandra Committee (2002), and Narayana Murthy Committee (2003); reflected in Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement and the Companies Act, 2013.

  6. What is business ethics?

    The application of moral principles and standards that govern the conduct of individuals and organizations in business, determining what is right and wrong in commercial dealings.

  7. What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and what is the statutory CSR spending rule in India?

    CSR is a company's commitment to operate ethically and contribute to social/environmental well-being. Under Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013, qualifying companies must spend at least 2% of average net profits of the preceding 3 years on CSR.

  8. What is Human Resource Management (HRM)?

    The management function concerned with recruiting, developing, motivating, and retaining people to achieve organizational and individual goals effectively.

  9. Differentiate recruitment from selection.

    Recruitment is a positive process of searching for and attracting a pool of applicants; selection is a negative process of screening and rejecting unsuitable candidates to choose the best fit.

  10. Distinguish job description from job specification.

    Job description states the duties, responsibilities, and scope of a job (about the job); job specification states the qualifications, skills, and attributes required of the person (about the worker).

  11. What is job analysis and what are its two outputs?

    Job analysis is the systematic study of a job's tasks and requirements. Its two outputs are the job description and the job specification.

  12. Differentiate training from development.

    Training is short-term, job-specific skill enhancement for current roles (operatives); development is long-term, broad-based growth of overall capabilities, often for managers and future roles.

  13. What is Human Resource Planning (HRP)?

    The process of forecasting an organization's future demand for and supply of the right number and type of people, and matching the two to avoid shortages or surpluses.

  14. What is induction (orientation) in HRM?

    The process of formally introducing and welcoming a new employee to the organization, its policies, culture, job, and colleagues to help them settle in.

  15. What is compensation management?

    The process of designing and administering the total monetary and non-monetary rewards given to employees in return for their work, including wages, salaries, incentives, and benefits.

  16. Differentiate direct from indirect compensation.

    Direct compensation is monetary pay such as basic wages, salary, bonuses, and incentives; indirect compensation includes benefits and perks like insurance, leave, retirement, and allowances.

  17. Differentiate the time-rate wage system from the piece-rate wage system.

    Time-rate pays based on time spent on the job (per hour/day/month) regardless of output; piece-rate pays based on the number of units produced regardless of time taken.

  18. What are the three minimum wage concepts under Indian wage policy?

    Minimum wage (bare subsistence), Fair wage (above minimum, below living), and Living wage (comfort, education, insurance, contingencies).

  19. What is the difference between financial and non-financial incentives?

    Financial incentives are monetary rewards like bonuses, profit-sharing, and commissions; non-financial incentives are non-monetary motivators like recognition, status, job security, and career growth.

  20. What is performance appraisal?

    The systematic, periodic evaluation of an employee's job performance, behavior, and potential against predetermined standards to make HR decisions and aid development.

  21. What is 360-degree performance appraisal?

    A multi-rater feedback method where an employee is evaluated from all directions - by superiors, subordinates, peers, self, and sometimes customers/clients - giving a comprehensive, all-round view of performance.

  22. Name common traditional methods of performance appraisal.

    Ranking, Paired comparison, Grading, Graphic rating scales, Forced distribution, Checklist, Critical incident, and Confidential reports.

  23. Name common modern methods of performance appraisal.

    Management by Objectives (MBO), 360-degree feedback, Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS), Assessment centres, Human resource accounting, and Psychological appraisals.

  24. What is the 'halo effect' error in performance appraisal?

    A rating bias where the appraiser allows one positive (or negative) trait to influence the rating of all other unrelated traits of the employee.

  25. What is collective bargaining?

    The process of negotiation between employers (or their representatives) and a group of employees (usually trade unions) to determine wages, working conditions, and other terms of employment through a mutually agreed contract.

  26. Name the main types/forms of collective bargaining.

    Conjunctive (distributive) bargaining, Cooperative (integrative) bargaining, Productivity bargaining, and Composite bargaining.

  27. What is workers' participation in management (WPM)?

    A system of involving employees in the decision-making process of an organization, giving them a voice in matters affecting their work and welfare, ranging from information-sharing to joint decision-making.

  28. Name common forms/levels of workers' participation in management in India.

    Works committees, Joint management councils, Suggestion schemes, Quality circles, Co-partnership/employee shareholding, and worker directors on boards.

  29. What is personality, and name two major trait frameworks.

    Personality is the relatively stable set of psychological traits and behavioral patterns that distinguish one individual from another. Major frameworks: the Big Five (OCEAN) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

  30. What are the Big Five (OCEAN) personality dimensions?

    Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (emotional stability).

  31. What is organizational culture, and what model classifies it into clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy?

    Organizational culture is the shared values, beliefs, norms, and assumptions that shape how members behave in an organization. The Competing Values Framework (Cameron and Quinn) classifies it into Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and Hierarchy cultures.

UGC NET Commerce Business Management and Human Resource Management FAQ

What is in the UGC NET Commerce Business Management and Human Resource Management syllabus?

UGC NET Commerce Business Management and Human Resource Management is split into 1 chapter: Principles and functions of management. Together they contain 10 topics and 22 sub-topics.

How many chapters are in UGC NET Commerce Business Management and Human Resource Management?

1 chapter, containing 10 topics and 22 sub-topics.

Are there flashcards for UGC NET Commerce Business Management and Human Resource Management?

Yes — a 51-card Business Management and Human Resource Management deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.