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U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) Syllabus

The Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) syllabus for U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) in full: 4 chapters, 14 topics and 24 sub-topics, every one listed below, plus 50 Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) flashcards with answers.

4Chapters
14Topics
24Sub-topics
50Flashcards

Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) syllabus: all 4 chapters

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.

  1. Choosing Your Track: Proficiency vs. Aptitude

     3 topics
    • Artificial Language Test (ALT) for non-Spanish speakers
      • Purpose: predicting ability to learn Spanish at the Academy
      • Format: invented vocabulary and grammar rules to apply
    • Spanish Proficiency test for current speakers
      • Reading and comprehension components
      • Grammar and usage components
    • Academy Spanish training expectations
      • Consequences of language program performance

  2. Artificial Language Test (Learning Aptitude)

     4 topics
    • Decoding invented vocabulary
      • Memorizing word-meaning pairs under time pressure
      • Recognizing root and affix patterns
    • Applying invented grammar rules
      • Word order and sentence construction rules
      • Pluralization, tense, and agreement transformations
    • Translating to and from the artificial language
      • Forward translation (given language to English)
      • Reverse translation (English to given language)
    • Pattern recognition strategy
      • Inferring rules from example sentences

  3. Spanish Grammar Fundamentals (Proficiency Track)

     4 topics
    • Nouns, articles, and gender agreement
      • Definite and indefinite articles
      • Number agreement
    • Verb conjugation across tenses
      • Present, preterite, and imperfect
      • Subjunctive mood basics
    • Pronouns and prepositions
      • Direct and indirect object pronouns
      • Ser vs. estar
    • Sentence structure and word order
      • Question formation
      • Negation

  4. Practical and Law-Enforcement Spanish

     3 topics
    • Common field commands and instructions
      • Giving directions and commands
      • Requesting identification and documents
    • Numbers, dates, and personal information
      • Recording names, ages, and origins
    • Reading comprehension of short passages
      • Identifying main idea and details

U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) flashcards — 50 questions with answers

  1. What two separate assessments make up the Border Patrol's Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude evaluation (ALSP/SLAB)?

    The Artificial Language Test (ALT) for applicants who do not speak Spanish, and the Spanish Proficiency Test for applicants who already speak Spanish.

  2. What is the purpose of the Artificial Language Test (ALT)?

    To measure an applicant's aptitude for learning a new language by testing how quickly they can learn and apply the rules of an invented (made-up) language, predicting success in Academy Spanish training.

  3. Who takes the Artificial Language Test (ALT) versus the Spanish Proficiency Test?

    Non-Spanish speakers take the ALT (aptitude); applicants who already speak Spanish take the Spanish Proficiency Test (existing skill).

  4. Does the Artificial Language Test require any prior knowledge of Spanish or any real foreign language?

    No. The ALT uses a completely invented language, so no prior foreign-language knowledge is needed; all rules and vocabulary are provided during the test.

  5. What is the core skill the ALT measures rather than memorized vocabulary?

    Language-learning aptitude: the ability to recognize patterns, decode new vocabulary, and apply unfamiliar grammar rules quickly.

  6. What Spanish-training expectation does the Border Patrol have for new agents at the Academy?

    All new agents must complete intensive Spanish language instruction at the Academy and reach a required level of functional Spanish proficiency to graduate, regardless of which test they took at entry.

  7. Why does the Border Patrol test language aptitude even for applicants who don't speak Spanish?

    Because all agents must learn task-based Spanish at the Academy; the ALT predicts whether an applicant can successfully acquire Spanish during that mandatory training.

  8. In ALT-style questions, how should you determine the meaning of an invented word?

    By decoding it from provided vocabulary lists and example sentences, matching roots, prefixes, and suffixes to the meanings given, rather than relying on real-language guesses.

  9. What is the recommended general strategy for answering Artificial Language Test items?

    Pattern recognition: identify consistent rules in the examples (word order, endings, agreement) and apply those same patterns to new words and sentences.

  10. When applying an invented grammar rule on the ALT, what should take priority over your instincts from English?

    The explicitly stated rules of the artificial language; you must follow the test's given rules even when they differ from English grammar.

  11. On the ALT, if an invented language places adjectives after nouns, how should you translate 'red house'?

    As 'house red,' following the invented language's stated word-order rule rather than the English order.

  12. What does 'translating to and from the artificial language' require you to do?

    Convert a given English phrase into the invented language using its vocabulary and grammar rules, and convert invented-language phrases back into correct English.

  13. On a pattern-recognition item, you see 'ka' = he, 'kato' = they. What does the suffix '-to' likely mean?

    It likely marks plural; '-to' added to a pronoun changes singular 'he' to plural 'they.'

  14. In Spanish, what are the four definite articles and what do they signal?

    el (masculine singular), la (feminine singular), los (masculine plural), las (feminine plural); they signal the gender and number of the noun.

  15. In Spanish, what are the four indefinite articles?

    un (masculine singular), una (feminine singular), unos (masculine plural), and unas (feminine plural).

  16. What is the general rule for guessing the gender of a Spanish noun by its ending?

    Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine; nouns ending in -a are usually feminine (with exceptions like 'el día' and 'la mano').

  17. What does 'gender agreement' mean in Spanish?

    Articles and adjectives must match the noun's gender and number, e.g., 'la casa blanca' (feminine singular) vs. 'los libros blancos' (masculine plural).

  18. How do you make most Spanish nouns plural?

    Add -s to nouns ending in a vowel (libro → libros) and -es to nouns ending in a consonant (papel → papeles).

  19. What are the three regular Spanish verb conjugation groups identified by infinitive ending?

    -ar verbs (hablar), -er verbs (comer), and -ir verbs (vivir).

  20. Conjugate the regular -ar verb 'hablar' in the present tense for yo, tú, and él/ella.

    yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella habla.

Show the other 30 Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) flashcards

  1. Conjugate the regular -er verb 'comer' in the present tense for nosotros and ellos.

    nosotros comemos, ellos comen.

  2. What is the difference in use between the Spanish preterite and imperfect past tenses?

    The preterite describes completed, specific past actions (hablé = I spoke), while the imperfect describes ongoing, habitual, or background past actions (hablaba = I was speaking / used to speak).

  3. How is the simple future tense formed for regular Spanish verbs?

    Add the future endings (-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -án) to the full infinitive, e.g., hablar → hablaré (I will speak).

  4. What are the singular Spanish subject pronouns?

    yo (I), tú (you, informal), usted (you, formal), él (he), ella (she).

  5. What are the plural Spanish subject pronouns?

    nosotros/nosotras (we), ustedes (you all), ellos/ellas (they).

  6. What is the difference between 'tú' and 'usted'?

    'tú' is the informal 'you' for friends/peers; 'usted' is the formal 'you' used for respect, authority, or strangers—important for professional field interactions.

  7. What do the Spanish prepositions 'a', 'de', 'en', and 'con' mean?

    a = to/at, de = of/from, en = in/on/at, con = with.

  8. What is the contraction rule for 'a' + 'el' and 'de' + 'el' in Spanish?

    a + el = al (to the); de + el = del (of/from the). These are the only two mandatory contractions in Spanish.

  9. What is the typical basic word order of a Spanish sentence?

    Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), e.g., 'El agente revisa el documento' (The agent checks the document), though Spanish allows flexibility for emphasis.

  10. Where do most descriptive adjectives go relative to the noun in Spanish, unlike English?

    After the noun, e.g., 'el carro rojo' (literally 'the car red') for 'the red car.'

  11. How are most yes/no questions formed in spoken Spanish?

    By using rising intonation on a statement and inverting subject/verb, e.g., '¿Tiene usted documentos?' (Do you have documents?).

  12. What does the field command 'Alto' or '¡Pare!' mean?

    'Stop!' — a basic command used to halt a person.

  13. What does '¡Manos arriba!' mean as a field command?

    'Hands up!' — directing a person to raise their hands.

  14. Translate the field instruction 'No se mueva.'

    'Don't move.' (formal command to a single person).

  15. What does '¿De dónde es usted?' ask?

    'Where are you from?' — used to ask a person's country or place of origin.

  16. Translate the field question '¿Cómo se llama?'

    'What is your name?' (literally 'What are you called?').

  17. What does '¿Tiene documentos?' mean and why is it field-relevant?

    'Do you have documents?' — used to ask for identification or immigration papers during an encounter.

  18. How do you say 'Show me your hands' as a Spanish command?

    'Muéstreme las manos' (formal command).

  19. Count from one to five in Spanish.

    uno (1), dos (2), tres (3), cuatro (4), cinco (5).

  20. Count from six to ten in Spanish.

    seis (6), siete (7), ocho (8), nueve (9), diez (10).

  21. What are the Spanish words for 20, 30, 50, and 100?

    veinte (20), treinta (30), cincuenta (50), cien (100).

  22. How is a date typically formatted and spoken in Spanish (day/month order)?

    Day before month, e.g., 'el 5 de marzo de 2026' (the 5th of March, 2026); the day uses cardinal numbers except 'primero' for the 1st.

  23. How do you ask someone's date of birth in Spanish?

    '¿Cuál es su fecha de nacimiento?' — 'What is your date of birth?'

  24. How do you ask 'How old are you?' in Spanish, and what verb is used?

    '¿Cuántos años tiene?' — Spanish uses the verb 'tener' (to have) for age, literally 'How many years do you have?'

  25. What is the standard set of personal-information questions an agent might ask in Spanish?

    Name (¿Cómo se llama?), origin (¿De dónde es?), age (¿Cuántos años tiene?), and date of birth (¿Cuál es su fecha de nacimiento?).

  26. In a reading-comprehension passage, what should you do first to answer questions efficiently?

    Read the question(s) first, then scan the short passage for the specific information (who, what, where, when) needed to answer.

  27. In Spanish reading comprehension, what do the question words quién, qué, dónde, cuándo, and por qué mean?

    quién = who, qué = what, dónde = where, cuándo = when, por qué = why.

  28. When you encounter an unknown word in a Spanish reading passage, what strategy mirrors the ALT decoding skill?

    Use context clues and recognizable roots/cognates to infer meaning rather than stopping, the same pattern-recognition and decoding approach used on the artificial language test.

  29. Compare the goal of the ALT versus the Spanish Proficiency Test in one sentence each.

    ALT: predicts the ability to LEARN Spanish later (aptitude). Spanish Proficiency Test: confirms Spanish skill the applicant ALREADY has (proficiency).

  30. Why is pattern recognition the single most important strategy across both the ALT and Spanish grammar items?

    Because both rely on consistent, rule-based systems—endings for gender/number/tense and invented affixes—so spotting and reapplying the pattern lets you answer items you've never seen before.

U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) FAQ

What is in the U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) syllabus?

U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) is split into 4 chapters: Choosing Your Track: Proficiency vs. Aptitude, Artificial Language Test (Learning Aptitude), Spanish Grammar Fundamentals (Proficiency Track) and Practical and Law-Enforcement Spanish. Together they contain 14 topics and 24 sub-topics.

How many chapters are in U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB)?

4 chapters, containing 14 topics and 24 sub-topics. The largest chapter is Artificial Language Test (Learning Aptitude), with 4 topics.

Are there flashcards for U.S. Border Patrol Entrance Exam (BPA) Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB)?

Yes — a 50-card Spanish Language Proficiency and Aptitude (ALSP/SLAB) deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.