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RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology Syllabus

The Zoology syllabus for RUHS / State Nursing Entrance in full: 4 chapters, 15 topics and 29 sub-topics, every one listed below, plus 50 Zoology flashcards with answers.

4Chapters

15Topics

29Sub-topics

50Flashcards

Zoology syllabus: all 4 chapters

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.

Animal Diversity and Tissues
3 topics
- Animal Kingdom Classification
  - Non-chordates: Porifera to Echinodermata
  - Chordates and vertebrate classes
- Animal Tissues
  - Epithelial and connective tissue
  - Muscular and nervous tissue
- Structural Organization in Animals
  - Earthworm, cockroach and frog morphology
Human Physiology I
4 topics
- Digestion and Absorption
  - Alimentary canal and digestive glands
  - Digestion of food and absorption
- Breathing and Respiration
  - Respiratory system and mechanism
  - Transport and exchange of gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
  - Blood, lymph and blood groups
  - Human heart and cardiac cycle
- Excretory System
  - Human kidney and nephron
  - Urine formation and osmoregulation
Human Physiology II
4 topics
- Locomotion and Movement
  - Skeletal system and joints
  - Muscle contraction mechanism
- Neural Control and Coordination
  - Neuron and nerve impulse
  - Central and peripheral nervous system
- Chemical Coordination
  - Endocrine glands and hormones
- Reproduction in Humans
  - Male and female reproductive systems
  - Menstrual cycle and fertilization
Genetics, Evolution and Human Health
4 topics
- Principles of Inheritance
  - Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance
  - Sex determination and genetic disorders
- Evolution
  - Origin of life and theories of evolution
  - Evidence and mechanism of evolution
- Human Health and Disease
  - Pathogens and common diseases
  - Immunity and the immune system
  - Tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse
- Biotechnology and Applications
  - Principles of biotechnology
  - Applications in health and agriculture

RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology flashcards — 50 questions with answers

In the five-kingdom classification, into which kingdom are all multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms without cell walls placed?
Kingdom Animalia.
What is the basis of classification for the phylum Porifera, and give a common example.
Pore-bearing animals with a water canal (canal) system and choanocytes; example: Sycon (sponge).
Which phylum is characterized by the presence of cnidoblasts (stinging cells) and a radially symmetrical, diploblastic body?
Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata); examples: Hydra, jellyfish.
Name the phylum whose members are triploblastic, dorsoventrally flattened, and acoelomate (e.g., tapeworm, planaria).
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms).
What distinguishing feature separates Aschelminthes (roundworms) from Platyhelminthes regarding the body cavity?
Aschelminthes are pseudocoelomate (false coelom), whereas Platyhelminthes are acoelomate.
Which phylum is the largest in the animal kingdom and is characterized by jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton?
Phylum Arthropoda.
What unique larval feature defines all chordates at some stage of life?
A notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, paired pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail.
List the four primary tissue types found in animals.
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.
Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli and blood capillaries, allowing easy diffusion?
Simple squamous epithelium.
What is the function and an example location of ciliated epithelium?
It moves particles/mucus in a specific direction; found in the trachea, bronchioles, and fallopian tubes.
Name the connective tissue specialized for fat storage and the cells it contains.
Adipose tissue, containing adipocytes that store fat.
What protein fibers give tendons and ligaments their strength, and what do they connect respectively?
Collagen fibers; tendons connect muscle to bone, ligaments connect bone to bone.
What are the three types of muscle tissue and which is involuntary and unstriated?
Skeletal (striated, voluntary), cardiac (striated, involuntary), and smooth muscle (unstriated, involuntary).
What is the functional and structural unit of the nervous system?
The neuron (nerve cell).
What is the role of the enzyme salivary amylase (ptyalin) in digestion?
It begins the digestion of starch, breaking it into maltose in the mouth.
In the stomach, which inactive enzyme is converted to its active form pepsin, and by what?
Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Where is most absorption of digested food completed, and through what structures?
In the small intestine, mainly the jejunum and ileum, through finger-like villi and microvilli.
What is the function of bile in digestion, and where is it produced and stored?
Bile emulsifies fats (no enzymes); produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
Name the three pancreatic enzymes and their substrates.
Trypsin (proteins), pancreatic amylase (carbohydrates), and lipase (fats).
What is the role of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during inspiration?
They contract, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing pressure, drawing air into the lungs.

Show the other 30 Zoology flashcards

Define tidal volume.
The volume of air inspired or expired during a normal breath, about 500 mL.
What is vital capacity?
The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a maximum inspiration; equals ERV + TV + IRV.
How is the majority of carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
About 70% as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in plasma.
Name the iron-containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Haemoglobin.
List the formed elements (cellular components) of blood.
Erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets).
What is the universal donor blood group and the universal recipient blood group?
O negative is the universal donor; AB positive is the universal recipient.
Describe the path of blood through the four chambers of the human heart starting from the right atrium.
Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta/body.
What is the function of the SA node in the heart?
It is the pacemaker, generating the impulse that initiates each heartbeat.
What is the definition of cardiac output and its approximate normal value?
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute (stroke volume × heart rate); about 5 litres.
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
Name the three main processes involved in urine formation.
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
What is the chief nitrogenous waste excreted by humans, and what does this make us?
Urea; this makes humans ureotelic.
Which part of the nephron is responsible for concentrating urine via a counter-current mechanism?
The loop of Henle (with the vasa recta).
What are the two main proteins responsible for muscle contraction, and which is thick vs thin?
Myosin (thick filament) and actin (thin filament).
According to the sliding filament theory, what causes muscle contraction?
The actin (thin) filaments slide over the myosin (thick) filaments, shortening the sarcomere.
What type of joint is found at the shoulder and hip, allowing movement in all directions?
Ball and socket joint.
What ion is essential for the release of acetylcholine and for muscle contraction at the sarcomere?
Calcium (Ca2+).
What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system?
The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system.
Name the three major regions of the human brain.
Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
What is a synapse, and what chemicals transmit signals across it?
The junction between two neurons; signals are transmitted by neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine).
Which part of the brain controls balance, posture, and coordination of movement?
The cerebellum.
Which gland is called the 'master gland' and what does it regulate?
The pituitary gland; it regulates other endocrine glands and many body functions.
Which hormone regulates blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake, and which gland secretes it?
Insulin, secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
Name the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that requires iodine, and a deficiency disorder.
Thyroxine; deficiency causes goitre (or cretinism/hypothyroidism).
What is the site of fertilization in the human female, and where does implantation occur?
Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube (ampulla); implantation occurs in the uterus wall (endometrium).
State Mendel's Law of Segregation.
During gamete formation, the two alleles of a gene separate so each gamete receives only one allele.
In a monohybrid cross of Tt × Tt, what is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?
Genotypic ratio 1:2:1 (TT:Tt:tt); phenotypic ratio 3:1 (dominant:recessive).
What evidence did Charles Darwin use to propose natural selection, and what is its key principle?
Survival of the fittest; organisms best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.
Name the causative organism of malaria and the vector that transmits it.
Plasmodium (a protozoan), transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito.
What are the two key enzymes used in genetic engineering for cutting and joining DNA?
Restriction endonucleases (molecular scissors) cut DNA, and DNA ligase joins DNA fragments.

RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology FAQ

What is in the RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology syllabus?

RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology is split into 4 chapters: Animal Diversity and Tissues, Human Physiology I, Human Physiology II and Genetics, Evolution and Human Health. Together they contain 15 topics and 29 sub-topics.

How many chapters are in RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology?

4 chapters, containing 15 topics and 29 sub-topics. The largest chapter is Human Physiology I, with 4 topics.

Are there flashcards for RUHS / State Nursing Entrance Zoology?

Yes — a 50-card Zoology deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.