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RRB Group D General Science - Life Sciences Syllabus

The General Science - Life Sciences syllabus for RRB Group D in full: 4 chapters, 14 topics and 28 sub-topics, every one listed below, plus 51 General Science - Life Sciences flashcards with answers.

4Chapters

14Topics

28Sub-topics

51Flashcards

General Science - Life Sciences syllabus: all 4 chapters

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.

Cell Biology and Tissues
3 topics
- Cell Structure and Function
  - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  - Cell organelles and their functions
  - Plant vs animal cells
- Cell Division
  - Mitosis and meiosis basics
- Tissues
  - Plant tissues
  - Animal tissues
Human Body Systems
4 topics
- Digestive and Respiratory Systems
  - Digestion and absorption
  - Breathing and respiration
- Circulatory and Excretory Systems
  - Heart, blood and circulation
  - Kidneys and excretion
- Nervous and Endocrine Systems
  - Neurons and reflex action
  - Hormones and glands
- Reproduction and Skeletal System
  - Human reproductive system
  - Bones, joints and muscles
Health, Nutrition and Diseases
3 topics
- Nutrition and Balanced Diet
  - Components of food and their functions
  - Vitamins, minerals and deficiency diseases
- Diseases and Pathogens
  - Communicable and non-communicable diseases
  - Bacteria, viruses and other pathogens
- Immunity and Vaccination
  - Types of immunity
  - Vaccines and prevention
Genetics, Evolution and Ecology
4 topics
- Heredity and Genetics
  - Mendel's laws of inheritance
  - DNA, genes and chromosomes
- Evolution
  - Theories of evolution
- Ecology and Environment
  - Ecosystem and food chains
  - Biodiversity and conservation
  - Environmental pollution
- Plant Physiology
  - Photosynthesis and respiration in plants
  - Transpiration and transport in plants

RRB Group D General Science - Life Sciences flashcards — 51 questions with answers

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
The cell. Discovered by Robert Hooke (1665); the cell theory states all living things are made of cells and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Which cell organelle is called the 'powerhouse of the cell' and why?
The mitochondrion. It produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What is the function of the ribosome in a cell?
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis (translation of mRNA into proteins).
Which organelle controls all cell activities and contains the genetic material (DNA)?
The nucleus.
State two key differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts (and a large central vacuole); animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts and have small/no vacuoles.
Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
The chloroplast, which contains the green pigment chlorophyll.
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells (e.g. bacteria) have no true membrane-bound nucleus or organelles; eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi) have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is the function of the cell membrane (plasma membrane)?
It is selectively permeable and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Which organelle is known as the 'suicide bag' of the cell?
The lysosome, because it contains digestive enzymes that break down waste and can destroy the cell itself.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?
It transports materials within the cell; rough ER (with ribosomes) makes proteins, smooth ER makes lipids.
What are the two main types of cell division?
Mitosis (for growth and repair, produces 2 identical diploid cells) and meiosis (for gamete formation, produces 4 haploid cells).
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis and what is their chromosome number relative to the parent?
Two daughter cells, each with the same (diploid) chromosome number as the parent cell.
How many daughter cells does meiosis produce and what is their chromosome number?
Four daughter cells, each haploid (half the chromosome number of the parent).
Why is meiosis important for reproduction?
It produces haploid gametes so that, on fertilization, the diploid number is restored; it also creates genetic variation through crossing over.
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells performing a common function.
Name the four main types of animal tissues.
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.
Which animal tissue connects, supports, and binds other tissues, including blood and bone?
Connective tissue.
Name the two main types of plant tissue based on growth.
Meristematic tissue (actively dividing, causes growth) and permanent tissue (mature, non-dividing).
What are the three types of muscle tissue in the human body?
Skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (heart) muscle.
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down food into simpler absorbable nutrients and eliminate waste.

Show the other 31 General Science - Life Sciences flashcards

In which organ does most digestion and absorption of food occur?
The small intestine.
Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch in the mouth?
Salivary amylase (ptyalin).
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through breathing and gas exchange.
Where does gas exchange take place in the human lungs?
In the alveoli (tiny air sacs), where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it.
What is the largest gland in the human body, and one of its digestive roles?
The liver; it produces bile, which helps emulsify and digest fats.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
To transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
How many chambers does the human heart have, and name them.
Four chambers: two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower).
Name the three types of blood vessels and their basic roles.
Arteries (carry blood away from the heart), veins (carry blood to the heart), and capillaries (site of exchange between blood and tissues).
Which blood cells carry oxygen, and which pigment enables this?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen using the pigment hemoglobin.
What is the main function of the excretory system in humans?
To remove metabolic wastes (e.g. urea) and excess water/salts from the body, mainly through urine.
What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
The neuron (nerve cell).
What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system?
The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves).
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination of muscular activity?
The cerebellum.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
It secretes hormones directly into the blood to regulate body functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Which gland is called the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
The pituitary gland, because it controls other endocrine glands.
Which hormone regulates blood sugar, and which gland secretes it?
Insulin, secreted by the pancreas; it lowers blood glucose levels.
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves two parents and the fusion of gametes (offspring vary genetically); asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.
What are the male and female reproductive cells (gametes) in humans?
Sperm (male) and ovum/egg (female).
What is the function of the human skeletal system?
It provides support and shape, protects internal organs, allows movement (with muscles), and produces blood cells in the bone marrow.
How many bones are there in the adult human body?
206 bones.
What is a balanced diet?
A diet containing all nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber) in the right proportions for good health.
Which nutrients are the body's main source of energy?
Carbohydrates (and fats as a secondary/stored energy source).
Which deficiency disease is caused by lack of Vitamin C, and which by lack of Vitamin D?
Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy; Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets (in children).
What is a pathogen?
A disease-causing microorganism such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or protozoan.
Name the pathogen type causing malaria and the disease caused by the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.
Malaria is caused by a protozoan (Plasmodium, spread by Anopheles mosquito); tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
What is immunity, and what are its two main types?
Immunity is the body's ability to resist or fight disease. The two main types are innate (natural, present from birth) and acquired (adaptive, developed after exposure).
How does a vaccine produce immunity?
A vaccine introduces a weakened/killed pathogen or its antigen, stimulating the immune system to make antibodies and memory cells so the body can fight future infection.
What is heredity, and what molecule carries genetic information?
Heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring; the molecule that carries genetic information is DNA (genes).
Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics' and what did he study?
Gregor Mendel; he studied inheritance of traits in pea plants and formulated the laws of inheritance (dominance, segregation).
What is evolution, and who proposed the theory of natural selection?
Evolution is the gradual change in species over generations; the theory of evolution by natural selection ('survival of the fittest') was proposed by Charles Darwin.

RRB Group D General Science - Life Sciences FAQ

What is in the RRB Group D General Science - Life Sciences syllabus?

RRB Group D General Science - Life Sciences is split into 4 chapters: Cell Biology and Tissues, Human Body Systems, Health, Nutrition and Diseases and Genetics, Evolution and Ecology. Together they contain 14 topics and 28 sub-topics.

How many chapters are in RRB Group D General Science - Life Sciences?

4 chapters, containing 14 topics and 28 sub-topics. The largest chapter is Human Body Systems, with 4 topics.

Are there flashcards for RRB Group D General Science - Life Sciences?

Yes — a 51-card General Science - Life Sciences deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.