PMS Examination Urdu (Essay, Comprehension & Translation) Syllabus

Khulasa likhte waqt kaun si cheezein hazf (omit) ki jati hain?

Misalein, takrar, tafseelat, iqtibasat, alankarana ajza aur ghair zaroori wazahatein; sirf markazi khayal aur buniyadi nukaat rakhe jate hain.

Khulasa kis grammatical sheghe (tense/person) mein likha jata hai?

Aam taur par maazi (past tense) aur ghaib (third person) mein, raast bayan (direct speech) ko bila-waasta bayan (indirect) mein tabdeel karte hue.

Khulase ka unwan (title) kaise muntakhib kiya jata hai?

Unwan ibarat ke markazi khayal ki numaindagi kare, mukhtasar (chand alfaz) ho, jami' ho aur poori ibarat ka mafhoom apne andar samet le.

Munasib unwan ki teen aham khusoosiyat kya hain?

Ikhtisar (mukhtasar ho), jami'yat (poora mafhoom shamil ho), aur ma'noviyat (markazi khayal se mutabiqat); ghair zaroori tafseel se paak ho.

Talkhees ki mashq mein matn ka markazi khayal pehle daryaft karna kyun zaroori hai?

Kyun ke khulasa usi markazi khayal ke gird tameer hota hai; markazi khayal ke baghair khulasa muntashir aur ghair-mutawazin ho jata hai.

Tarjume (translation) ki bunyadi qism ke do andaz kaun se hain?

Lafzi/harfi tarjuma (word-for-word) aur ba-muhavra/azad tarjuma (idiomatic/free); behtreen tarjuma ba-muhavra hota hai jo maani aur rawani dono qaim rakhta hai.

Tarjuma nigari ka sab se aham usool kya hai?

Asal matn ke maani aur mafhoom ko durust tareeqe se muntaqil karna (maani ka tahaffuz), na ke sirf alfaz ko badalna.

Achhe tarjume ki teen bunyadi khusoosiyat kya hain?

Sadaqat (asal mafhoom se wafadari), rawani (target zaban mein qudrati pan), aur maani ka tahaffuz (matlab tabdeel na ho).

Lafzi tarjume ka bada nuqsaan kya hota hai?

Aksar jumla bematlab, ghair-fitri ya mazhaka-khez ho jata hai aur muhavron/zarb-ul-amsal ka asal mafhoom zaaya ho jata hai.

Tarjume mein muhavron aur zarb-ul-amsal ko kaise muntaqil kiya jata hai?

Lafzi tarjume ke bajaye target zaban ka ham-maani (equivalent) muhavra ya kahawat istemaal ki jati hai jo wohi mafhoom ada kare.

Tarjume mein rawani (fluency) ka tahaffuz kyun zaroori hai?

Taa ke tarjuma target zaban ka qudrati matn maloom ho, ajnabi/garan na lage, aur qari uske maani asaani se samajh sake.

Muhavra (idiom) ki ta'reef kya hai?

Aisa fiqra jiska mafhoom uske lafzi maani se mukhtalif aur majaazi hota hai, jaise 'aankhon ka tara' (bahut aziz), 'haath malna' (afsos karna).

Zarb-ul-masal/kahawat ki ta'reef kya hai?

Aisa mukhtasar, mash-hoor aur tajurbe par mabni jumla jo koi nasihat ya haqeeqat bayan kare, jaise 'naach na jaane aangan tedha'.

Muhavra aur zarb-ul-masal mein bunyadi farq kya hai?

Muhavra adhura fiqra hota hai jo jumle ka hissa banta hai aur sheghe badalte hain; kahawat ek mukammal, mustaqil jumla hota hai jo apni asal shakal mein istemaal hota hai.

Muhavra 'lohe ke chane chabana' ka mafhoom kya hai?

Bahut mushkil ya sakht kaam karna jismein bohat mehnat aur takleef uthani pare.

Kahawat 'oonchi dukaan pheeka pakwan' ka mafhoom kya hai?

Zaahiri shohrat ya namood-o-namaish zyada, magar asal cheez (maiyaar/kaam) mein koi dum nahi.

Ajza-e-kalam (parts of speech) Urdu mein kitne hain aur bunyadi taur par kaun se?

Aam taqseem ke mutabiq: ism (noun), zameer (pronoun), sift (adjective), fe'l (verb), mutalliqa-e-fe'l (adverb), harf (particle/preposition-conjunction).

Ism (noun) aur zameer (pronoun) mein kya farq hai?

Ism kisi shay, jagah, shakhs ya kaifiyat ka naam hai; zameer wo lafz hai jo ism ki jagah istemaal hota hai (jaise main, tum, wo, yeh).

Fe'l (verb) ki bunyadi ta'reef kya hai?

Wo kalma jo kisi kaam ke karne, hone ya sehne ko zamana (maazi, haal, mustaqbil) ke saath zahir kare.

Sift (adjective) ka kaam kya hai?

Ism ya zameer ki khasoosiyat, halat, tadaad ya kaifiyat ko zahir karna, jaise achha, lamba, teen, surkh.

Harf (particle) ki misalein aur kaam kya hai?

Wo kalma jo akele ma'ni nahi deta balke doosre alfaz ko aapas mein milata hai, jaise 'aur', 'magar', 'par', 'se', 'ko', 'mein'.

Alamat-e-auqaf (punctuation marks) se kya murad hai?

Aise nishanaat jo ibarat mein theharao, lehja aur maani ko wazeh karte hain, jaise waqfa (,) sakta (.) sawaliya (?) nidaiya (!) ramzia/qaulain (:).

Khatma/wuqfa-e-tam (.) ki alamat ka kaam kya hai?

Yeh jumle ke mukammal hone par lagai jati hai (full stop); iske baad naya mukammal jumla shuru hota hai.

Sawaliya nishan (?) aur nidaiya/fajaiya nishan (!) ka istemaal kab hota hai?

Sawaliya nishan kisi sawal ke aakhir mein; nidaiya/fajaiya nishan jazbaat, hairat, khushi ya pukaar zahir karne wale jumle ke aakhir mein.

Sakta (,) yaani waqfa ka kaam kya hai?

Jumle ke andar mukhtasar theharao zahir karna, fehrist ke ajza alag karna, aur maani ko ghalat-fehmi se bachana.

Jumla (sentence) ki bunyadi ta'reef kya hai?

Alfaz ka aisa mukammal majmua jo apne andar mukammal mafhoom rakhe; usme aam taur par musnad-ilaih (subject) aur musnad (predicate) hote hain.

Maani ke aetbar se jumle ki bunyadi kism kaun si hain?

Jumla khabariya (statement), jumla istafhamiya (sawalia), jumla amriya (hukmiya), jumla nidaiya/fajaiya, aur jumla shartiya.

Jumla fe'liya aur jumla ismiya mein kya farq hai?

Jumla fe'liya wo hai jiska khatma fe'l par ho (kaam zahir kare); jumla ismiya wo hai jo ism ya kaifiyat bayan kare aur usme fe'l-e-naqis (jaise hai/tha) ho.

Jumle ke teen bunyadi ajza (Urdu) kaun se hain?

Musnad-ilaih (faail/subject), maf'ool (object jahan ho), aur musnad/fe'l (predicate/verb); durust tarteeb aam taur par faail + maf'ool + fe'l hoti hai.

Mash-hoor mersia-go shayar jinhone Urdu mersia ko urooj diya kaun hain?

Mir Anees aur Mirza Dabeer; Urdu mein mersia-nigari ki sanf inhi ki badaulat apne urooj ko pohanchi.

Urdu ghazal ke do azeem shora kaun mane jate hain jinhe is sanf ka sutoon kaha jata hai?

Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib aur Mir Taqi Mir; Mir ko 'Khuda-e-Sukhan' aur Ghalib ko ghazal ka sab se bada falsafi shayar kaha jata hai.

Allama Iqbal ki adabi haisiyat kya hai aur unki mash-hoor nasri/nazm tasaneef kaun si hain?

Iqbal shayar-e-mashriq aur falsafi shayar hain; mash-hoor majmue 'Bang-e-Dara', 'Baal-e-Jibreel', 'Zarb-e-Kaleem' aur farsi 'Asrar-e-Khudi' shamil hain.

Urdu nasr/afsana aur novel ke chand mash-hoor adeeb kaun hain?

Prem Chand (afsana/novel), Saadat Hasan Manto (afsana), Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (maqala/nasr), aur Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (insha-pardazi/nasr).