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PMA Long Course Non-Verbal Intelligence Syllabus
The Non-Verbal Intelligence syllabus for PMA Long Course in full: 7 chapters and 17 topics, every one listed below, plus 50 Non-Verbal Intelligence flashcards with answers.
Non-Verbal Intelligence syllabus: all 7 chapters
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.
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Pattern Recognition
3 topics- Figure Series
- Sequence of Figures
- Next Figure in Pattern
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Figure Analogy
2 topics- Analogous Figures
- Image Relationship
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Figure Classification
2 topics- Odd Figure Out
- Grouping Figures
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Mirror and Water Images
2 topics- Mirror Images
- Water Reflections
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Paper Folding and Cutting
3 topics- Paper Folding
- Paper Cutting
- Punched Hole Patterns
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Embedded and Hidden Figures
2 topics- Embedded Figures
- Completing the Figure
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Cubes and Dice
3 topics- Dice Problems
- Cube Folding
- Cube Counting
PMA Long Course Non-Verbal Intelligence flashcards — 50 questions with answers
What is non-verbal intelligence?
The ability to analyze and solve problems using visual reasoning—figures, shapes, and patterns—without relying on words or language.
In a Figure Series problem, what must the candidate identify?
The underlying rule governing how figures change from one to the next, then select the figure that continues the series correctly.
What is a 'Figure Series' question?
A sequence of figures arranged according to a rule, where you choose the figure that comes next or fills a blank by recognizing the transformation pattern.
List the common types of changes (transformations) seen in figure series.
Rotation, reflection, addition/removal of elements, change in size, change in shading/shape, and movement of elements step by step.
In a figure series based on rotation, how do you find the next figure?
Determine the constant angle of rotation between successive figures (e.g., 45 or 90 degrees) and apply the same rotation to the last figure.
What does 'addition/deletion' as a rule in figure series mean?
Each step adds or removes a fixed number of elements (lines, dots, sides), so you continue by adding or removing the same number again.
How is 'Sequence of Figures' different from a single 'Next Figure' question?
Sequence of Figures gives a full ordered set governed by a rule; you analyze the whole progression, whereas Next-Figure focuses on predicting only the immediate continuation of a pattern.
What is the first step to solving any Sequence of Figures problem?
Compare consecutive figures to detect what changes (position, number, shading, orientation) and what stays constant, then formulate the rule.
When multiple elements change simultaneously in a sequence, how should you analyze it?
Track each element separately—follow each one's own pattern (e.g., one rotates while another moves)—then combine the rules to predict the next figure.
What is a 'Next Figure in Pattern' question?
You are shown a developing pattern and must select, from options, the figure that logically continues it based on the identified rule.
In clockwise vs anticlockwise movement patterns, how do you tell the direction?
Track a marked element's position across figures; if it advances toward the right/down sequence it is clockwise, if toward the left/up it is anticlockwise.
In pattern problems, what does an element moving by a fixed number of positions each step indicate?
A constant displacement rule—continue by moving that element the same number of positions (e.g., one corner) in the next step.
What are Analogous Figures (figure analogy) questions?
Questions of the form 'A is to B as C is to ?'—you find the relationship between the first pair and apply the same transformation to the third figure to get the answer.
What is the key to solving figure analogy problems?
Identify the exact change from figure A to figure B (rotation, reflection, addition, etc.), then apply that identical change to figure C.
In a figure analogy, if A→B is a 90-degree clockwise rotation, what is done to C?
Rotate C by 90 degrees clockwise to obtain the answer figure D.
What is 'Image Relationship' in non-verbal reasoning?
Identifying the logical or transformational connection between two images (or pairs) so the same relationship can be applied to a new image.
Name common relationships tested in Image Relationship questions.
Rotation, mirroring, size scaling, addition/removal of parts, change of shading, and part-to-whole or inside-outside relationships.
What is an 'Odd Figure Out' (Classification) question?
Four or five figures are given that share a common property except one; you must identify the figure that does not belong to the group.
What is the strategy for solving Odd Figure Out questions?
Find the common feature shared by most figures (shape, symmetry, number of sides, orientation, shading) and pick the one figure lacking that feature.
Give examples of properties used to group figures in classification questions.
Number of sides/lines, type of symmetry, open vs closed figures, direction of arrows, shaded vs unshaded, curved vs straight elements.
Show the other 30 Non-Verbal Intelligence flashcards
What are 'Grouping Figures' questions?
Figures must be sorted into groups based on shared characteristics, then you identify which group a figure belongs to or which figures form a valid group.
On what basis are figures grouped in classification/grouping problems?
Shared geometric properties such as symmetry, number of elements, shape type, orientation, or design pattern common to all members of the group.
Define a mirror image.
The image of an object as seen in a vertical plane mirror; left and right are interchanged (laterally inverted) while top and bottom remain unchanged.
In a mirror image, which sides get reversed?
Left and right are reversed (lateral inversion); top and bottom stay the same when the mirror is placed vertically to the side.
How does a letter like 'b' appear in a vertical mirror?
It appears as 'd'—the left-right orientation is reversed while the vertical orientation is preserved.
Which English capital letters look identical to their vertical mirror images?
Letters with vertical symmetry: A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y.
How is a mirror image affected when the mirror is placed horizontally (above/below)?
Top and bottom are interchanged (vertical inversion) while left and right remain unchanged—the figure is flipped upside down.
Define a water reflection (water image).
The image of an object seen in water below it; top and bottom are interchanged (vertically inverted) while left and right remain unchanged.
How does a water reflection differ from a mirror image?
A mirror image (vertical mirror) reverses left-right; a water image reverses top-bottom (upside-down inversion).
In a water image, what happens to the number 8?
It remains 8, because 8 has horizontal symmetry, so its top-bottom inversion looks the same.
Which digits look the same in their water reflection?
Digits with top-bottom (horizontal) symmetry such as 0, 3, 8 (and partly 1) appear unchanged in water reflection.
What is the rule for finding the water image of text written on a line?
Flip the whole text upside down across the horizontal baseline; each character is vertically inverted and the line of text mirrors below the original.
What is Paper Folding (and unfolding) reasoning?
A type of problem where a paper is folded and punched/cut, and you must determine how it looks when unfolded—or how a flat pattern looks when folded into shape.
What is the basic principle of paper folding and punching problems?
Each fold creates a line of symmetry; a hole punched through folded layers produces mirror-image holes across each fold line when the paper is unfolded.
If a paper is folded once and a single hole is punched, how many holes appear when unfolded?
Two holes—the punched hole and its mirror image across the fold line.
If a paper is folded twice (into four layers) and one hole punched, how many holes on unfolding?
Four holes, because the single punch passes through all four layers, producing one hole per layer arranged symmetrically.
General formula: how many holes result from punching one hole through n folds?
2^n holes (each fold doubles the number of layers, hence the number of holes), assuming the punch hits all layers.
In paper folding/unfolding, where do holes appear relative to fold lines?
Holes appear as mirror images reflected across each fold line; unfolding step by step reflects existing holes across the most recent fold each time.
What is Paper Cutting reasoning?
A folded paper is cut along certain lines/shapes, and you determine the resulting pattern of cuts/holes when the paper is unfolded.
How does a cut on a folded edge differ from a cut on an open edge when unfolded?
A cut on the folded edge opens into a full symmetric shape spanning the fold; a cut on an open (loose) edge produces only the local shape repeated per layer without joining across the fold.
What shape results from a triangular notch cut on the folded edge of a once-folded paper?
A full diamond (rhombus) shape, because the triangle is mirrored across the fold line to form a complete symmetric figure.
What is the method to solve paper cutting problems?
Mentally unfold the paper one fold at a time, reflecting each cut across the corresponding fold line, until the original flat sheet is restored with all symmetric cuts shown.
What are Punched Hole Pattern questions?
Problems where a transparent/folded sheet has holes punched, and you must identify the pattern of holes after unfolding or match a punched pattern to its folded form.
In punched hole problems, what does each fold line act as?
A line of symmetry (mirror axis) across which every existing hole is duplicated when that fold is opened.
How do you reconstruct a punched-hole pattern after unfolding?
Reverse the folds in opposite order; at each unfold, reflect all current holes across the fold line just opened, accumulating the symmetric positions.
What general transformation underlies mirror images, water images, paper folding, and punched holes?
Reflection (symmetry)—a mirror axis across which points are reflected; the axis orientation (vertical, horizontal, or fold line) determines the result.
What is rotational symmetry, often tested in figure series and analogies?
A figure has rotational symmetry if it looks the same after being rotated by a certain angle (less than 360 degrees) about its center.
What is lateral inversion?
The left-right reversal of an image as produced by a plane mirror; it is the defining property of a mirror image.
How can you quickly distinguish a mirror-image question from a water-image question?
Check the axis: a mirror image reflects across a vertical line (left-right swap); a water image reflects across a horizontal line (top-bottom swap).
What overall skill do all non-verbal intelligence topics (series, analogy, classification, reflections, folding) test?
The ability to perceive spatial patterns, symmetry, and transformations of figures and to apply consistent visual rules logically without verbal cues.
PMA Long Course Non-Verbal Intelligence FAQ
What is in the PMA Long Course Non-Verbal Intelligence syllabus?
PMA Long Course Non-Verbal Intelligence is split into 7 chapters: Pattern Recognition, Figure Analogy, Figure Classification, Mirror and Water Images, Paper Folding and Cutting, Embedded and Hidden Figures and Cubes and Dice. Together they contain 17 topics.
How many chapters are in PMA Long Course Non-Verbal Intelligence?
7 chapters, containing 17 topics. The largest chapter is Pattern Recognition, with 3 topics.
Are there flashcards for PMA Long Course Non-Verbal Intelligence?
Yes — a 50-card Non-Verbal Intelligence deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.