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Navy Sailor Test Chemistry Syllabus
The Chemistry syllabus for Navy Sailor Test in full: 5 chapters and 16 topics, every one listed below, plus 50 Chemistry flashcards with answers.
Chemistry syllabus: all 5 chapters
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.
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Fundamentals of Chemistry
4 topics- Branches of Chemistry
- Atomic Structure
- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
- Periodic Table
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Chemical Bonding and Reactions
3 topics- Types of Chemical Bonds
- Chemical Equations
- Types of Chemical Reactions
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States of Matter
3 topics- Gases and Gas Laws
- Liquids and Solutions
- Solids
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Acids, Bases and Salts
3 topics- Properties of Acids and Bases
- pH Scale
- Salts and Neutralization
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Applied Chemistry
3 topics- Metals and Non-Metals
- Hydrocarbons
- Environmental Chemistry
Navy Sailor Test Chemistry flashcards — 50 questions with answers
What is chemistry?
The branch of science that deals with the composition, structure, properties, and changes (reactions) of matter.
What does organic chemistry study?
The study of carbon-containing compounds (mainly hydrocarbons and their derivatives).
What does inorganic chemistry study?
The study of compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, such as metals, minerals, salts, and acids.
What does physical chemistry study?
The study of how matter behaves on a molecular/atomic level and how chemical reactions occur, using physics principles (energy, kinetics, thermodynamics).
What is biochemistry?
The branch of chemistry that studies chemical processes and substances within living organisms.
What does analytical chemistry deal with?
The identification (qualitative) and measurement of amounts (quantitative) of substances in a sample.
What are the three subatomic particles of an atom and their charges?
Proton (positive), neutron (neutral), and electron (negative).
Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
In the nucleus (the dense center of the atom).
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus of its atom (it also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom).
What is the mass number of an atom?
The total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons (so different mass numbers).
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first three shells (K, L, M)?
K shell = 2, L shell = 8, M shell = 18 (formula 2n²).
What is an element?
A pure substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
What is a compound?
A pure substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio (e.g., water, H₂O).
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined, and can be separated by physical methods.
What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture?
Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition throughout (e.g., salt water); heterogeneous mixtures have non-uniform composition with visibly different parts (e.g., sand and water).
Who arranged the modern periodic table and on what basis?
Henry Moseley arranged it in order of increasing atomic number; Dmitri Mendeleev created the earlier table based on atomic mass.
What is a period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row; elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
What is a group in the periodic table?
A vertical column; elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties.
Where are metals, non-metals, and metalloids located in the periodic table?
Metals on the left and center, non-metals on the upper right, and metalloids along the zig-zag staircase line between them.
Show the other 30 Chemistry flashcards
What are the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table called?
Noble gases (inert gases) — they are chemically unreactive because they have full outer electron shells.
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between two non-metal atoms.
What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, creating oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
What is a metallic bond?
The attraction between positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalized (free-moving) electrons.
What is the difference between a single, double, and triple covalent bond?
A single bond shares 1 electron pair, a double bond shares 2 pairs, and a triple bond shares 3 pairs of electrons.
What is a polar covalent bond?
A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally, giving one atom a partial negative charge and the other a partial positive charge (e.g., in water).
What is a chemical equation?
A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction showing reactants on the left and products on the right, separated by an arrow.
What does it mean to balance a chemical equation?
To adjust coefficients so the number of atoms of each element is equal on both the reactant and product sides, satisfying the law of conservation of mass.
In a chemical equation, what are reactants and products?
Reactants are the starting substances (left of the arrow); products are the substances formed (right of the arrow).
What do the state symbols (s), (l), (g), and (aq) mean in an equation?
(s) = solid, (l) = liquid, (g) = gas, (aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water).
What is a combination (synthesis) reaction?
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product (A + B → AB).
What is a decomposition reaction?
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (AB → A + B).
What is a single displacement (replacement) reaction?
A reaction in which a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound (A + BC → AC + B).
What is a double displacement reaction?
A reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places to form two new compounds (AB + CD → AD + CB).
What is a combustion reaction?
A reaction in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen to release heat and light, usually producing CO₂ and H₂O.
What is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?
A reaction involving the transfer of electrons; oxidation is loss of electrons and reduction is gain of electrons.
State Boyle's Law.
At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂).
State Charles's Law.
At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature (V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂).
State the ideal gas law equation.
PV = nRT, where P = pressure, V = volume, n = moles, R = gas constant, T = absolute temperature.
State Avogadro's Law.
Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
What is the value of Avogadro's number?
6.022 × 10²³ particles per mole.
What is a solution, and what are its two components?
A homogeneous mixture of a solute (substance dissolved) and a solvent (substance doing the dissolving).
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated solution?
A saturated solution holds the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature; an unsaturated solution can still dissolve more solute.
Why do liquids take the shape of their container but have fixed volume?
Their particles are close together with strong enough forces to keep a fixed volume, but loose enough to flow and move past one another.
What are the key properties of solids regarding shape and volume?
Solids have a fixed (definite) shape and fixed volume because their particles are tightly packed in a regular arrangement and only vibrate in place.
What is the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids?
Crystalline solids have particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern (e.g., salt, diamond); amorphous solids have a random arrangement (e.g., glass, rubber).
List three general properties of acids.
They taste sour, turn blue litmus red, have a pH less than 7, and release H⁺ ions in water.
List three general properties of bases.
They taste bitter and feel slippery, turn red litmus blue, have a pH greater than 7, and release OH⁻ ions in water.
What is the pH scale range, and what do the values indicate?
The pH scale runs from 0 to 14: below 7 is acidic, exactly 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic (alkaline).
What is produced when an acid reacts with a base (neutralization reaction)?
A salt and water (acid + base → salt + water).
Navy Sailor Test Chemistry FAQ
What is in the Navy Sailor Test Chemistry syllabus?
Navy Sailor Test Chemistry is split into 5 chapters: Fundamentals of Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Reactions, States of Matter, Acids, Bases and Salts and Applied Chemistry. Together they contain 16 topics.
How many chapters are in Navy Sailor Test Chemistry?
5 chapters, containing 16 topics. The largest chapter is Fundamentals of Chemistry, with 4 topics.
Are there flashcards for Navy Sailor Test Chemistry?
Yes — a 50-card Chemistry deck, printed in full in the flashcards section of this page and available in the Examius app with spaced repetition. The free plan covers one exam of your choice, including its flashcards; Examius Pro, a one-time purchase, unlocks every other exam and deck.