GATE Marine Engineering Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering Syllabus

Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering syllabus: all 6 chapters

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics.

1. 1

   Thermodynamics

   4 topics

   • First law of thermodynamics
     • Closed system undergoing a cycle
     • Closed system undergoing a change of state
     • Internal energy of a system
     • Expansion work
     • Process using ideal gas - constant pressure, constant volume, isothermal
     • Adiabatic and polytropic process - work done and heat added in different process
     • First law applied to one-dimensional steady flow process
     • Flow energy
     • Steady flow energy equation (ID)
   • Second law of Thermodynamics
     • Different statements
     • Reversible and irreversible process
     • Corollaries of the second law
     • Absolute temperature scale
     • Carnot cycle - Carnot engine, refrigerator, and heat pump
     • Clausius inequality and definition of entropy
     • Change of entropy of an ideal gas
   • Gas power cycles and I.C. Engines
     • Gas power cycles: Carnot cycle, Brayton cycle, Erricson cycle, Sterling cycle etc.
     • Air standard cycles: Otto-Diesel, Dual, and Joule cycle
     • Evaluation of thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure
     • Internal Combustion engine - Classification of I.C. engines
     • Principle of operation of spark Ignition and Compression Ignition engines
     • Stages of combustion in S.I. and C.I. engines
     • Knocking and detonation - factors controlling knock and detonation
     • Methods of preventing Knocking and detonation
   • Refrigeration
     • Principle of operation of Simple vapour compression system
     • Comparison with vapour compression systems
     • Air conditioning principles
     • Sensible heating and cooling
     • Humidification and dehumidification
     • Cooling and humidification
     • Cooling and dehumidification
     • Heating and humidification
     • Heating and dehumidification
     • Adiabatic mixing of air streams - cooling and heating load calculation
2. 2

   Marine Diesel Engines

   1 topic

   • General engine principles
     • Low speed and medium speed diesel engines
     • Two and Four-stroke engines
     • Scavenging and turbocharging
     • Fuel oil system
     • Lubricating oil systems
     • Cooling systems
     • Torque and power measurement
     • Starting air systems and reversing systems
     • Controls and safety devices
     • Couplings and Gearboxes
     • Specific Fuel Consumption
     • Waste heat recovery system
     • MARPOL regulations and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
     • Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
3. 3

   Marine Steam Turbines

   4 topics

   • Types of turbines
     • Compounding
     • Reheat
     • Turbine construction
     • Rotors
     • Blades
     • Casing
     • Gland sealing
     • Diaphragms
     • Nozzles
     • Bearings
   • Lubrication systems
     • Expansion arrangements
     • Gearings
   • Marine gas turbines
     • Fundamentals of G.T.
     • Structure of gas turbines
     • Gearing
     • Operational features
     • Controls
     • Combined cycles
   • Nuclear propulsion
     • Physical principles of the operation of nuclear reactors
     • Use of nuclear propulsion on seagoing vessels
     • Electrical Propulsion
4. 4

   Marine Boilers

   2 topics

   • Types of boilers
     • Fire tube
     • Water tube boilers
     • Package boilers
     • Cochran Boilers
     • Composite boilers
     • Steam to steam generators
     • Double evaporation boilers
     • Exhaust gas heat exchangers
     • Auxiliary steam plant systems
     • Exhaust gas boilers
     • Composite boilers
   • Boiler mounting
     • Combustion
     • Feed system
     • Feed water treatment
5. 5

   Engine Dynamics

   1 topic

   • Torsional vibration of engine and shafting
     • Axial shaft vibration
     • Critical speeds
     • Engine rating
     • Rating corrections
     • Trial tests
6. 6

   Marine Auxiliary Machinery & Systems

   4 topics

   • Different types of pumps and piping systems in ships
     • Hot water, drinking water, cooling water, and seawater systems
     • Fuel oil systems
     • Lubricating oil system filters, coolers, centrifuges, purifiers, and clarifiers
     • Bilge and ballast systems
     • Sewage disposal systems
     • Oily water separator
     • Air compressors
     • Boilers
     • Heat exchangers
     • Waste heat recovery systems
   • Heat, ventilation and air conditioning systems
   • Deck machinery and cargo handling systems
   • Propulsions and steering gear systems

GATE Marine Engineering Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering flashcards — 50 questions with answers

1. State the First Law of Thermodynamics for a closed system undergoing a process.

   For a closed system, the heat added equals the change in internal energy plus the work done: $$Q = \Delta U + W$$ Equivalently, in differential form, $\delta Q = dU + \delta W$. It expresses conservation of energy.

2. What does the First Law state for a closed system undergoing a complete cycle?

   The cyclic integral of heat equals the cyclic integral of work: $$\oint \delta Q = \oint \delta W$$ Since the system returns to its initial state, $\oint dU = 0$, so net heat transfer equals net work over the cycle.

3. Why does internal energy $U$ qualify as a property (point function) of a system?

   Because its cyclic integral is zero, $\oint dU = 0$. Its change between two states depends only on the end states and not on the path, so $dU$ is an exact differential and $U$ is a point function (property).

4. Distinguish a point function from a path function, giving an example of each.

   A point function depends only on the state (e.g., internal energy $U$, pressure, temperature) and has an exact differential. A path function depends on the process path (e.g., work $W$ and heat $Q$) and has an inexact differential ($\delta W$, $\delta Q$).

5. What is internal energy of a system, and on what does it depend for an ideal gas?

   Internal energy is the total energy stored within the system due to molecular motion and configuration. For an ideal gas it is a function of temperature only: $U = U(T)$, and $dU = m c_v \, dT$.

6. Write the expression for expansion (displacement) work done by a closed system during a quasi-static process.

   $$W = \int_{1}^{2} p \, dV$$ This represents the area under the process curve on a $p\text{-}V$ diagram for a reversible (quasi-static) process.

7. Give the work done by an ideal gas in a constant-pressure (isobaric) process.

   $$W = \int_{1}^{2} p \, dV = p(V_2 - V_1) = mR(T_2 - T_1)$$

8. What is the work done in a constant-volume (isochoric) process, and where does the heat go?

   Since $dV = 0$, the work is $W = \int p\, dV = 0$. By the First Law, all heat added raises internal energy: $Q = \Delta U = m c_v (T_2 - T_1)$.

9. Derive the work done by an ideal gas during a reversible isothermal process.

   With $pV = $ constant, $$W = \int_{1}^{2} p\, dV = p_1 V_1 \ln\frac{V_2}{V_1} = mRT \ln\frac{V_2}{V_1} = mRT \ln\frac{p_1}{p_2}$$

10. For a reversible isothermal process of an ideal gas, what is the heat transfer?

    Since $\Delta U = 0$ (temperature constant, $U=U(T)$), the First Law gives $Q = W = mRT \ln\dfrac{V_2}{V_1}$. All heat added is converted to work.

11. Define an adiabatic process and write its governing $p\text{-}V$ relation for an ideal gas.

    An adiabatic process has no heat transfer, $Q = 0$ (system thermally insulated). For a reversible adiabatic process of an ideal gas: $$pV^{\gamma} = \text{constant}, \quad \gamma = \frac{c_p}{c_v}$$

12. Give the work done by an ideal gas during a reversible adiabatic process.

    $$W = \frac{p_1 V_1 - p_2 V_2}{\gamma - 1} = \frac{mR(T_1 - T_2)}{\gamma - 1}$$ Since $Q=0$, this work equals the decrease in internal energy: $W = -\Delta U = m c_v (T_1 - T_2)$.

13. Write the temperature-volume and temperature-pressure relations for a reversible adiabatic process.

    $$\frac{T_2}{T_1} = \left(\frac{V_1}{V_2}\right)^{\gamma - 1} = \left(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\right)^{\frac{\gamma - 1}{\gamma}}$$

14. Define a polytropic process and state its $p\text{-}V$ relation.

    A polytropic process follows $$pV^{n} = \text{constant}$$ where $n$ is the polytropic index. Special cases: $n=0$ (isobaric), $n=1$ (isothermal), $n=\gamma$ (adiabatic), $n=\infty$ (isochoric).

15. What is the work done during a reversible polytropic process ($pV^n = C$)?

    $$W = \frac{p_1 V_1 - p_2 V_2}{n - 1} = \frac{mR(T_1 - T_2)}{n - 1}$$

16. Give the heat transferred during a polytropic process of an ideal gas.

    $$Q = \left(\frac{\gamma - n}{\gamma - 1}\right) W = m c_n (T_2 - T_1)$$ where the polytropic specific heat is $c_n = c_v \dfrac{\gamma - n}{1 - n}$.

17. What are the polytropic temperature relations in terms of volume and pressure ratios?

    $$\frac{T_2}{T_1} = \left(\frac{V_1}{V_2}\right)^{n-1} = \left(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\right)^{\frac{n-1}{n}}$$

18. What is flow energy (flow work), and what is its expression per unit mass?

    Flow energy is the work required to push fluid across a boundary by the pressure of surrounding fluid. Per unit mass it equals $pv$ (pressure times specific volume), i.e. $p/\rho$. It is associated with mass entering or leaving an open system.

19. Write the general Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE) per unit mass for a one-inlet, one-outlet device.

    $$h_1 + \frac{V_1^{2}}{2} + g z_1 + q = h_2 + \frac{V_2^{2}}{2} + g z_2 + w$$ where $h$ is specific enthalpy, $V$ velocity, $z$ elevation, $q$ heat and $w$ work per unit mass.

20. What two key assumptions define a steady-flow process?

    (1) The mass flow rate and all properties at each point are constant in time (nothing accumulates); $\dfrac{dm_{cv}}{dt}=0$ and $\dfrac{dE_{cv}}{dt}=0$. (2) The state of the fluid at any given location does not change with time.

GATE Marine Engineering Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering FAQ