Civil Judge Examination Urdu and General Knowledge Syllabus

What was the Objectives Resolution and when was it passed?

The Objectives Resolution, passed on 12 March 1949 by the Constituent Assembly under PM Liaquat Ali Khan, laid down the guiding principles of Pakistan's constitution, declaring sovereignty belongs to Allah and authority is a sacred trust exercised by the people. It is now a substantive part of the Constitution (Article 2A).

How many constitutions has Pakistan had, and in which years were they enacted?

Pakistan has had three constitutions: 1956, 1962, and 1973. The 1973 Constitution is the current one and was passed under PM Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.

What kind of state did the 1956 Constitution declare Pakistan, and what was its form of government?

The 1956 Constitution declared Pakistan an 'Islamic Republic' for the first time and established a parliamentary (federal) form of government. It was abrogated in 1958 by Ayub Khan's martial law.

What form of government did the 1962 Constitution introduce?

The 1962 Constitution (under Ayub Khan) introduced a presidential form of government with a powerful President, and indirect elections through a 'Basic Democracies' system.

What is the salient form of government and bicameral legislature established by the 1973 Constitution?

The 1973 Constitution established a federal parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature: the National Assembly (lower house, elected by population) and the Senate (upper house, giving equal representation to provinces).

Who was Pakistan's first Prime Minister and what is he commonly titled?

Liaquat Ali Khan was Pakistan's first Prime Minister, commonly titled 'Quaid-e-Millat' (Leader of the Nation).

What is the national language of Pakistan and which Article of the 1973 Constitution declares it?

Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, declared by Article 251 of the 1973 Constitution.

How many provinces does Pakistan have today and name them.

Pakistan has four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan (plus the federal capital Islamabad and the administrative territories of Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir).

What is the capital of Pakistan, and which city was the first/interim capital after independence?

Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan (since 1967). Karachi was the first capital after independence in 1947.

What is the highest mountain peak in Pakistan and its height?

K-2 (Mount Godwin-Austen) is the highest peak in Pakistan and the second-highest in the world, at 8,611 metres (28,251 feet), located in the Karakoram range.

Which is the longest river of Pakistan and what is its significance?

The Indus (Sindh) River is the longest river of Pakistan; it is the backbone of the country's agriculture and irrigation system and gives the country and the Indus civilization their historic identity.

Under the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, which three rivers were allotted to Pakistan?

The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty (brokered by the World Bank) allotted the three western rivers—Indus, Jhelum and Chenab—to Pakistan, and the three eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas and Sutlej—to India.

What is the currency of Pakistan and which institution is its central bank?

The currency is the Pakistani Rupee (PKR). The State Bank of Pakistan (established 1 July 1948) is the central bank responsible for monetary policy and currency issuance.

Name the largest crops/exports forming the backbone of Pakistan's economy.

Pakistan's economy is largely agricultural; its main crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize. Cotton-based textiles are the largest export earner.

What are the five pillars (Arkan) of Islam?

(1) Kalima/Shahadah (declaration of faith), (2) Salah (five daily prayers), (3) Zakat (obligatory charity), (4) Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), and (5) Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah for those able).

What are the basic articles of faith (Iman-e-Mufassal) in Islam?

Belief in: (1) Allah, (2) His Angels (Malaika), (3) His Books (Kutub), (4) His Messengers (Rusul), (5) the Day of Judgement (Yaum-ul-Akhirah), (6) Destiny/Divine Decree (Taqdeer), and (7) Resurrection after death.

What is Zakat, and what is its standard rate?

Zakat is the obligatory annual charity paid by eligible Muslims to purify wealth. Its standard rate is 2.5% of savings and qualifying wealth held for one lunar year above the Nisab threshold.

What is the Nisab for Zakat in terms of gold and silver?

The Nisab (minimum threshold for Zakat) is 7.5 tolas (about 87.48 grams) of gold or 52.5 tolas (about 612.36 grams) of silver, or wealth of equivalent value.

How many obligatory (Farz) rakats are there in the five daily prayers?

Fajr 2, Zuhr 4, Asr 4, Maghrib 3, and Isha 4 — a total of 17 Farz (obligatory) rakats in the five daily prayers.

When and where was the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) born?

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Makkah in the Year of the Elephant (Aam-ul-Feel), corresponding to approximately 570 CE, on 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal.

What were the parents' names of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the titles given to him before prophethood?

His father was Abdullah and his mother Bibi Amina. Before prophethood he was known as 'Al-Sadiq' (the truthful) and 'Al-Ameen' (the trustworthy) for his honesty and reliability.

At what age did the Holy Prophet (PBUH) receive his first revelation, and where?

He received the first revelation at the age of 40, in the Cave of Hira (on Jabal-an-Noor near Makkah), brought by the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel). The first revealed verses were from Surah Al-Alaq ('Iqra').

What is the Hijrah and what calendar event does it mark?

The Hijrah is the migration of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE. It marks the beginning of the Islamic (Hijri) lunar calendar.

What was the Misaq-e-Madina (Charter of Madina) and its significance?

The Misaq-e-Madina was the written constitution drafted by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) after Hijrah, establishing a single political community among Muslims, Jews and other tribes of Madina. It is regarded as the world's first written constitution guaranteeing rights and mutual defence.

Name the first four Caliphs of Islam (Khulafa-e-Rashideen) in order.

(1) Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA), (2) Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA), (3) Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA), and (4) Hazrat Ali (RA).

What is the Khutbah-e-Hajjat-ul-Wida (Last Sermon) and one of its key teachings?

It is the farewell sermon delivered by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) during his final Hajj in 10 AH at Arafat. Key teachings include the sanctity of life and property, the abolition of interest (riba) and tribal feuds, equality of all humans regardless of race, and the rights of women.

In Islamic civilization, what is the significance of Bait-ul-Hikmah?

Bait-ul-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) was a major intellectual and translation centre in Baghdad founded under the Abbasid Caliphate (notably Caliph Al-Mamun), where Greek, Persian and Indian works were translated into Arabic, advancing science, mathematics, medicine and philosophy.

What are the four major Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh)?

The four Sunni schools (Mazahib) are: Hanafi (Imam Abu Hanifa), Maliki (Imam Malik), Shafi'i (Imam Shafi'i), and Hanbali (Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal).

In Islamic ethics, what is the difference between Huqooq-Allah and Huqooq-ul-Ibad?

Huqooq-Allah are the rights owed to Allah (e.g., worship, prayer, fasting). Huqooq-ul-Ibad are the rights owed to fellow human beings (e.g., honesty, justice, kindness, repaying debts). Islam stresses that violations of Huqooq-ul-Ibad require the wronged person's forgiveness.

What are the four sources (Usool) of Islamic law (Shariah) in order of authority?

(1) The Holy Quran, (2) the Sunnah/Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH), (3) Ijma (consensus of scholars), and (4) Qiyas (analogical reasoning).